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Phon Dis > 01- Normal Aspects of Articulation: Chapter 2 (BBF 7-29) > Flashcards

01- Normal Aspects of Articulation: Chapter 2 (BBF 7-29) Flashcards

1
Q

Speech

A

organized set or system of sounds that are used to convey meaning

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2
Q

language

A

arbitrary system of signs or symbols used according to prescribed rules to convey meaning within a linguistic community

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3
Q

phonemes

A

when sounds are studied as part of the language system

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4
Q

linguistic perspective: phonemes

A

sound units related to decisions about meaning

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5
Q

phonemic transcription to phonetic

A

less detailed than phonetic transcription

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6
Q

phonetic transcription

A

sensitive to sound variations within a phoneme class

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7
Q

allophone

A

individual variant of a phoneme class

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8
Q

allophones in free variation

A

when they can occur in the same phonetic context

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9
Q

phoneme + phoneme

A

morphemes/ words

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10
Q

syntax of language

A

morphemes combined to into phrases and sentences according to grammatical rules

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11
Q

semantics of language

A

meaning ascribed to individual words

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12
Q

flow of how information is processed

A

cognitive, syntactic and semantic, phonologic, phonetic, (motor control, auditory) working memory

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13
Q

processing: cognitive level

A

where thought is initiated

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14
Q

processing: syntactic and semantic

A

syntax: ordering of words in sent.
semantic: selection of words

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15
Q

what limits or directs syntactic decision?

A

deciding on a particular syntactic structure for a sentence

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16
Q

lexicalization: semantic level

A
  1. selection of lexical concept
  2. phonologic specification
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17
Q

phonologic specification

A

specification of the word’s sound pattern

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18
Q

processing: phonetic level

A

specify phonetic goals

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19
Q

spatiotemporal goals

A

articulators moving to a certain space and it a certain time to meet the goal phoneme

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20
Q

processing: working memory

A

operational memory used to keep track of information involved in sentence production

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21
Q

controlled processing

A

makes demands on working memory

22
Q

automatic processing

A

does not require allocation of working memory

23
Q

which language processes are automatic?

A

syntactic, semantic, and phonologic

24
Q

processing: channel a

A

information from touch and movement; connects motor control to working memory

25
Q

processing: channel b

A

represents auditory feedback; connects auditory level with working memory

26
Q

respiratory system (structure and function)

A

lungs, airway, rib cage, diaphragm; provides basic air supply for generating sound

27
Q

larynx (structure and function)

A

various cartilages and muscles; generates voiced sounds of speech by vibration of the vocal folds/ allows air to pass from lungs to vocal tract for voiceless sounds

28
Q

velopharynx (structure and function)

A

soft palate/ velum and associated structures of the velopharyngeal port; joins or separates the oral and nasal cavities so that air passes through either one or both cavities

29
Q

tongue (structure and function)

A

a complex of muscles; principal articulator of oral cavity

30
Q

five parts of the tongue

A

tip/apex, blade, back/dorsum, root, body

31
Q

jaw (structure and function)

A

massive bony structure and its associated muscles; support the soft tissues of both tongue and lower lip, participates in speech production by aiding tongue and lip movements and by providing skeletal support

32
Q

airflow of voiceless consonants

A

the continuous flow of air that is used to create noise energy in the vocal tract generated by the respiratory system and larynx

33
Q

airflow of voiced consonants

A

respiratory system and larynx work together to create a series of pulses made by the vocal folds vibrating

34
Q

what is involved in a full understanding of speech production?

A

phonology, articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, speech perception

35
Q

phonology

A

the study of how sounds are put together to form words and other linguistic units

36
Q

articulatory phonetics

A

study of how the articulators make individual sounds

37
Q

acoustic phonetics

A

study of the relationship between articulation and the acoustic signal of speech

38
Q

speech perception

A

study of how phonetic decisions are made from the acoustic signal

39
Q

syllable nuclei

A

vowel

40
Q

vocal folds vibrate to produce which sounds? are there exceptions to this?

A

voicing for vowels; whispered speech

41
Q

vowel classification criteria

A

tongue advancement, tongue height, roundedness, tense vs. lax

42
Q

rounded vowel phonemes

A

/u/ /ʊ/ /o/ /ɔ/ /ɝ/

43
Q

produced with an open vocal tract and serve as the nuclei for syllable

A

diphthongs

44
Q

consonants that have complete oral closure but have and open velopharyngeal port so that sound energy passes through the nose rather than the mouth

A

nasals

45
Q

how are consonants classified?

A

manner of articulation, place of articulation, voicing

46
Q

consonants made with narrow constriction so that the air creates a noisy sound as it rushes through the narrow passage

A

fricatives

47
Q

consonants that are combinations of stops and fricatives

A

affricates

48
Q

consonants that gradually change in articulatory shape while produced

A

glides

49
Q

what are cognates

A

pairs of phonemes that differ only in voicing

50
Q

what is dentalization?

A

context-dependent modification made of alveolar consonant production

51
Q

what is the difference between light and dark /l/ phonemes?

A

also called prevocalic and postvocalic or front and back
linguodental contact vs linguaalveolar contact

Phon Dis (8 decks)

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