02 CREATINE & CREATININE

Question 1

The plasma creatinine level is ___ proportional to the GFR

Answer 1

inversely

Question 2

Used in the diagnosis of muscle disease in place of creatine

Answer 2

Creatine kinase

Question 3

Muscle dystrophy causes plasma creatine to ___ (increase/decrease) and urinary creatinine to ___ (increase/decrease)

Answer 3

increase
decrease

Question 4

Poliomyelitis causes plasma creatine to ___ (increase/decrease) and urinary creatinine to ___ (increase/decrease)

Answer 4

increase
decrease

Question 5

Hyperthyroidism causes plasma creatine to ___ (increase/decrease) and urinary creatinine to ___ (increase/decrease)

Answer 5

increase
decrease

Question 6

Creatinine is a waste product of ___ formed during normal muscle metabolism

Answer 6

creatine

Question 7

Creatine is produced by the liver and pancreas from ___, ___, ___

Answer 7

arginine
glycine
methionine

Question 8

Creatine phosphate loses ___ and creatine loses ___ to form creatinine

Answer 8

phosphoric acid
water

Question 9

T/F: plasma creatine levels are increased in renal disease

Answer 9

F (not elevated)

Question 10

A measure of the amount of creatinine eliminated from the blood by the kidneys

Answer 10

Creatinine clearance (CrCl)

Question 11

Normal range of CrCl in males

Answer 11

97-137 mL/min

Question 12

Normal range of CrCl in females

Answer 12

88-128 mL/min

Question 13

Plasma creatinine is sensitive only if the renal dysfunction is at ___%

Answer 13

> 50%

Question 14

An analyte measured in the blood that is a more sensitive measure than plasma creatinine and is able to detect mild renal dysfunction

Answer 14

Cystatin C

Question 15

Gold standard for creatinine clearance determination

Answer 15

Inulin clearance

Question 16

CrCl is usually reported in units of ___ and can be corrected for body surface, which is ___

Answer 16

mL/min
173

Question 17

T/F: in MDRD and Cockgroft-Gault equations, 24h urine are needed

Answer 17

F

Question 18

Factors considered in the Cockgroft-Gault equation

Answer 18

Age
Weight
Sex (for women, multiply by 0.85)

Question 19

Factors considered in the MDRD study equation

Answer 19

Age
Sex (for women, multiply by 0.742)
Race (for Africans, multiply by 1.21)

Question 20

The chemical method for creatinine determination

Answer 20

Jaffe Reaction

Question 21

Absorbance of the red-orange tautomer in the Jaffe reaction

Answer 21

520 nm

Question 22

Positive interferences in the Jaffe method of creatinine determination

Answer 22

Acetoacetic acid
Pyruvic acid
Ascorbate
Acetone
Glucose

Question 23

Adsorbents used to enhance the accuracy of Jaffe method of creatinine determination

Answer 23

Lloyd’s reagent
Fuller’s earth

Question 24

Component of Lloyd’s reagent

Answer 24

Sodium aluminum silicate

Question 25

Component of Fuller's earth

Answer 25

Sodium magnesium silicate

Question 26

Used to isolate creatinine from noncreatinine chromogen

Answer 26

Aluminum silicate

Question 27

Positive interferences in the kinetic Jaffe reaction

Answer 27

Alpha-ketoacids Cephalosporins

Question 28

Negative interferences in the kinetic Jaffe reaction

Answer 28

Bilirubin Hemoglobin

Question 29

The creatinine determination method that uses reagent strips and produces purple-colored compound

Answer 29

3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid Method (DNBA)

Question 30

DNBA is measured at what wavelength?

Answer 30

560 nm

Question 31

For the automated determination of creatinine level and forms orange-red complex

Answer 31

alkaline 3,5 dinitrobenzoate solution

Question 32

Alkaline 3,5 dinitrobenzoate solution is measured at what wavelength?

Answer 32

546 nm

Question 33

Specimens used for creatinine determination

Answer 33

Plasma Serum Urine

Question 34

In using urine for creatinine determination, what must be done?

Answer 34

Refrigerated after collection or frozen if longer storage than 4 days

Question 35

T/F: in Jaffe method, ascorbate falsely decreases while in the enzymatic method, it falsely increases

Answer 35

F (Jaffe = false increase, enzymatic = false decrease)

Question 36

In creatinine determination, ___ causes negative bias in both Jaffe and enzymatic methods

Answer 36

Bilirubin

Question 37

Lidocaine causes a ___ bias in some enzymatic method of creatinine determination

Answer 37

positive

Question 38

Normal range of creatinine for adult male (Jaffe)

Answer 38

0.9-1.3 mg/dL

Question 39

Normal range of creatinine for adult female (Jaffe)

Answer 39

0.6-1.1 mg/dL

Question 40

Normal range of creatinine for children (Jaffe)

Answer 40

0.3-0.7 mg/dL

Question 41

Normal range of urine creatinine for adult male (Jaffe)

Answer 41

800-2000 mg/dL

Question 42

Normal range of urine creatinine for adult female (Jaffe)

Answer 42

600-1800 mg/dL

Question 43

Normal range of creatinine for adult male (enzymatic)

Answer 43

0.6-1.1 mg/dL

Question 44

Normal range of creatinine for adult female (enzymatic)

Answer 44

0.5-0.8 mg/dL

Question 45

Normal range of creatinine for children (Enzymatic)

Answer 45

0-0.6 mg/dL

Question 46

A chemical method of creatinine determination based on Jaffe reaction wherein creatinine in protein-free filtrate reacts with alkaline picrate to form colored complex

Answer 46

Folin-Wu method

Question 47

T/F: Jaffe reaction with adsorbent is not routinely used because it is time consuming and not readily automated

Answer 47

T

Question 48

A creatinine determination method that is routinely performed and is inexpensive, rapid, and easy to perform

Answer 48

Jaffe kinetic

Question 49

A creatinine determination method that is adapted for used as dry slide method

Answer 49

Creatininase-H2O2

Question 50

T/F: Creatininase-H2O2 can potentially replace Jaffe method

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Wavelength used in Jaffe kinetic method of creatinine determination

Answer 51

520 nm

Question 52

Conversion factor of creatinine from conventional to SI unit

Answer 52

88.4