01 CARBS

Question 1

A primary source of energy for brain, erythrocytes, and retinal cells in humans

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Carbohydrates is a major food source and energy supply for the body and are stored primarily as ___ in the liver and muscle

Answer 2

glycogen

Question 3

Carbohydrates are made up of which substances?

Answer 3

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 4

How much water molecule is inserted per carbon?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

The smallest carbohydrate

Answer 5

Glyceraldehyde

Question 6

Glyceraldehyde is a ___-carbon compound

Answer 6

3

Question 7

The simplest form of carbohydrates and is not hydrolyzable

Answer 7

Monosaccharides

Question 8

Identify based on the number of sugar units:

Glucose

Answer 8

mono

Question 9

Identify based on the number of sugar units:

fructose

Answer 9

mono

Question 10

Identify based on the number of sugar units:

galactose

Answer 10

mono

Question 11

Identify based on the number of sugar units:

maltose

Answer 11

di

Question 12

Identify based on the number of sugar units:

lactose

Answer 12

di

Question 13

Identify based on the number of sugar units:

sucrose

Answer 13

di

Question 14

Components of maltose

Answer 14

2 glucose

Question 15

Components of lactose

Answer 15

1 galactose, 1 glucose

Question 16

Components of sucrose

Answer 16

1 glucose, 1 fructose

Question 17

Identify based on the number of sugar units:

starch

Answer 17

poly

Question 18

Identify based on the number of sugar units:

glycogen

Answer 18

poly

Question 19

An enzyme present in the saliva and stomach that hydrolyzes starch to disaccharides

Answer 19

Amylase

Question 20

Glucose confirmation that is most common in humans

Answer 20

D-glucose

Question 21

The only CHO that can be directly used for energy or storage

Answer 21

Glucose

Question 22

The process of conversion of amino acids by the liver & other specialized tissue to substances that can be converted into glucose

Answer 22

Gluconeogenesis

Question 23

The principal pathway of glucose oxidation

Answer 23

Embden meyerhof pathway

Question 24

The site for embden meyerhof pathway

Answer 24

mitochondria

Question 25

In the embden meyerhof pathway, glucose is broken down into ___

Answer 25

two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvic acid

Question 26

After the embden meyerhof pathway, the pyruvic acid will then by used by which biochemical pathway?

Answer 26

tricarbocylic acid cycle

Question 27

Other substrates that may be used to synthesize energy

Answer 27

Glycerol Fatty acids Ketones

Question 28

This is a detour of glucose-6-phosphate from the glycolytic pathway to become 6-phosphogluconic acid

Answer 28

hexose monophosphate shunt

Question 29

T/F: the hexose monophosphate shunt produces ATP and biosynthetic products

Answer 29

F (this does not produce ATP)

Question 30

The hexose monophosphate shunt is also called the ___

Answer 30

Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 31

This pathway only occurs when the body's energy requirements are being met

Answer 31

Glycogenesis pathway

Question 32

The utilization of stored glucose from glycogen

Answer 32

Glycogenolysis

Question 33

The processes being done by the body when the glucose is low

Answer 33

Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis

Question 34

The process that causes the production of ketone bodies

Answer 34

Gluconeogenesis

Question 35

The process happening when one is fasting for less than 1 day

Answer 35

Glycogenolysis

Question 36

The process happening when one is fasting for >1 day

Answer 36

Gluconeogenesis

Question 37

Examples of ketone bodies

Answer 37

Acetone Acetoacetate B-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 38

Metabolism of glucose molecule to pyruvate or lactate for production of energy

Answer 38

Glycolysis

Question 39

Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from noncarbohydrate sources

Answer 39

Gluconeogenesis

Question 40

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

Answer 40

Glygenolysis

Question 41

Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

Answer 41

Glycogenesis

Question 42

Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids

Answer 42

Lipogenesis

Question 43

Decomposition of fat

Answer 43

Lipolysis

Question 44

Insulin and glucagon are produced by which organ?

Answer 44

Pancreas

Question 45

Cells that synthesize insulin

Answer 45

B-cells

Question 46

Cells that synthesize glucagon

Answer 46

a-cells

Question 47

T/F: insulin is the only hormone in the human body that lowers blood sugar

Answer 47

T

Question 48

This is released during stress and fasting states

Answer 48

Glucagon

Question 49

This hormone is synthesized in the pancreas and hypothalamus that increases plasma glucose

Answer 49

Somatostatin

Question 50

Somatostatin is from the __ cells of the islets of Langerhans

Answer 50

delta

Question 51

Epinephrine is a hormone synthesized by the ___ which increases blood glucose

Answer 51

Adrenal medulla

Question 52

Cortisol is synthesized by the adrenal cortex, specifically in the zona ___

Answer 52

fasciculata

Question 53

Aldosterone is synthesized by the adrenal cortex, specifically in the zona ___

Answer 53

glomerulosa

Question 54

Growth hormone is synthesized in the ___ and is inhibited by somatostatin

Answer 54

anterior pituitary gland

Question 55

Location: Cushing disease

Answer 55

anterior pituitary gland

Question 56

Location: Cushing syndrome

Answer 56

adrenal cortex