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MT6317 > 01 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION > Flashcards

01 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION Flashcards

1
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

400-435

A

Violet
Green yellow

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2
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

435-480

A

Blue
Yellow

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3
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

480-490

A

Green blue
Orange

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4
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

490-500

A

Blue green
Red

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5
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

500-560

A

Green
Purple (magenta)

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6
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

560-580

A

Yellow green
Violet

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7
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

580-595

A

Yellow
Blue

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8
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

595-605

A

Orange
Green blue

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9
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

605-650

A

Red orange
Blue green

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10
Q

Spectrophotometry (give the absorbed color and observed color):

650-750

A

Red
Blue

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11
Q

Most common light source for spectrophotometry

A

Tungsten

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12
Q

This part of the spectrophotometry minimizes unwanted stray of light and prevents entrance of scattered light on the monochromator system

A

Entrance slit

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13
Q

The most common cause of lost linearity at high analyte concentration

A

Stray light

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14
Q

This isolates specific or individual wavelength of light

A

Monochromator

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15
Q

This controls the width of the light beam

A

Exit slit

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16
Q

Can be described as the total range of wavelengths transmitted

A

Exit slit

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17
Q

Holds the solution whose concentration is to be measures

A

Cuvette

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18
Q

This detects and converts transmitted light into photoelectric energy

A

Photodetector

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19
Q

This measures light emitted by one atom burned in a flame

A

Flame emission photometry

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20
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Sodium

A

Yellow

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21
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Potassium

A

Purple

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22
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Calcium

A

Orange

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23
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Magnesium

A

White

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24
Q

Color of flame emitted:

Copper I

A

Blue

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25
Color of flame emitted: Copper II
Green
26
Color of flame emitted: Lithium
Red
27
Color of flame emitted: Cesium
Violet
28
Color of flame emitted: Zinc
Yellow
29
Color of flame emitted: Strontium
Red
30
Measures the light absorbed by one atom burned in a dissociated by heat
Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
31
This determines the amount of scattered light by a particulate matter suspended in a turbid solution
Nephelometry
32
The light scattering during nephelometry depends on which factor/s?
Particle size Wavelength
33
This measures the amount of antigen-antibody complexes
Nephelometry
34
Nephelometry measures at what angle?
15-90
35
Nephelometry uses which principle?
Mie Scatter
36
This measures reduction in light transmission by one particle formation
Turbidimetry
37
Turbidimetry uses which principle?
Raleigh scatter
38
This is the process of separating this charged constituents of a sample by means of an electrical current
Electrophoresis
39
Migration of charged macromolecules in the presence of an electrical power through porous supports
Zone electrophoresis
40
Porous supports for zone electrophoresis
Paper Cellulose acetate Agarose gel
41
Has a net charge that can either be positive or negative depending on pH conditions
Amphoteric
42
Movement of buffer ions and solvent relative to the fixed support
Electroendosmosis/endosmosis
43
Migration of small charged ions
Iontophoresis
44
This support media is specific for serum proteins
Cellulose acetate
45
This support media is used for DNA separation with 10-15 bands
Agarose gel
46
This support media is used for isoenzymes
Polyacrylamide gel
47
Planar form chromatography: fractionation of sugar and amino acids through whattman paper sorbent
Paper chromatography
48
Planar form chromatography: Used for TDM to separate drug molecules through plastic plates sorbent
Thin layer chromatography
49
Column form chromatography: elution of volatile compounds based on boiling point, used to separate steroids, lipids, alcohols
Gas chromatography
50
Column form chromatography: Differences in absorption of gases at solid phase surfaces
Gas solid chromatography
51
Column form chromatography: Differences in solute partitioning between gaseous mobile phase vs liquid stationary phase
Gas liquid chromatography
52
Column form chromatography: distribution of solute between liquid mobile phase vs liquid stationary phase
Liquid chromatography
53
Column form chromatography: Most widely used LC, uses pressure for fast separation, fractionation of drugs, hormones, and Hgb variants
HPLC
54
Column form chromatography: Separate non-volatile substances in human body fluids, complementary method to GC-MS as it is used to confirm positive results from screening illicit drugs
LC-MS
55
Instrumentation technique: Fragmentation and ionization of molecules using suitable energy
Mass spectroscopy
56
Gold standard for forensic science and drug screening
GC-MS
57
Gold standard for protein identification
MS/MS
58
Instrumentation technique: Determine the structure of organic compound
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
59
Separation technique: Migration is based on electrical charge
electrophoresis
60
Separation technique: Migration is based on physical/chemical properties
chromatography
61
Separation technique: Migration is through a pH gradient
isoelectric focusing
62
Separation technique: Migration is through an electro-osmosis flow
capillary electrophoresis
63
Instrumentation technique: amount of light emitted by a molecule after excitation by electromagnetic radiation
Fluorometry
64
Instrumentation technique: Measures amount of light intensity present over a dark background
Fluorometry
65
Light sources for fluorometry
Mercury, xenon, uv lights
66
The reduction or limitation of a particle in an excited state
quenching
67
Factors affecting quenching
pH, temp, uv, chemical changes
68
Instrumentation technique: measurement of luminescence produced by chemical reaction producing light emission
Chemiluminescence
69
Instrumentation technique: Measures amount of light emission based on chemical or electrochemical reaction
Chemiluminescence
70
Instrumentation technique: No excitation radiation is required, and no monochromators are needed because the chemiluminescene arises from one species
Bishop
71
The instrument that measures chemiluminescence
Luminometer
72
Instrumentation technique: A simplified spectrophotometer that does not require a light source or monochromator since light is produced in the chemical reaction
Wendy
73
In Wendy, the ___, ___, and ___ are the main components of a luminometer
sample cuvette photodetector readout device
74
Instrumentation technique: changes in colligative property of solutions that occur due to variations in particle concentrations
Osmometry
75
Example of osmotic particles
Glucose, BUN, sodium
76
What are the four colligative properties?
Boiling point, freezing point, osmotic pressure, vapor pressure
77
Electrochemistry technique: Measurement of electric potential due to the activity of free ions
Potentiometry
78
Reference electrodes for potentiometry
Calomel, silver-silver chloride, H+ electrode
79
Parameters measured by potentiometry
pH and pCO2
80
Potentiometry uses ___ equation
Nernst
81
Electrochemistry technique: Electrochemical transducer capable of responding to one given ion
Ion selective electrode
82
Electrochemistry technique: Measurement of the amount of electricity fixed at potential in coulombs
Coulometry
83
In coulometry, the end point is detected by ___
amperometry
84
Electrochemistry technique: Electrochemical titration in which the titrant is electrochemically generated
coulometry
85
Parameters measured by coulometry
Chloride tests - CSF, Serum, Sweat
86
Coulometry uses ___ law
Faraday's
87
Electrochemistry technique: Current flow produced by oxidation reaction
Amperometry
88
Electrochemistry technique: Measurement of differences in current at a constant voltage
Polarography
89
Electrochemistry technique: Measurement of current after a potential is applied to an electrochemical cell
Voltametry
90
Parameters measured by amperometry
pO2, glucose, chloride, peroxidases
91
Parameters measured by Anodic stripping voltametry
lead and iron studies
92
Polarography uses ___ equation
Ilkovic

MT6317 (18 decks)

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