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Speech Science > 03 - Graphs Commmonly Used in Speech Analyses > Flashcards

03 - Graphs Commmonly Used in Speech Analyses Flashcards

0
Q

What is Frequency?

A

The number of times an object vibrates through a complete cycle

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1
Q

What is on the X-Axis of a Time Waveform? What is on the Y-Axis

A

Time

Amplitude

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2
Q

What is a Period?

A

The length of one cycle

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3
Q

What is the formula for Hertz?

A

1 sec / period in sec

1000 msec / period in msec

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4
Q

What is Hertz?

A

The number of cycles per second

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5
Q

How do you find the period when you know frequency (Hertz)?

A

1 sec / Hertz

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6
Q

How can pitch be determined when looking at time waveforms? (3)

A

By looking at the distance between the peak intervals

Low Pitch = long intervals

High Pitch = short intervals

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7
Q

A time waveform is a _____-_____ presentation.

A

Time-Amplitude

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8
Q

What are yes/no questions marked by on a time waveform?

A

The intervals become shorter as the pitch rises

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9
Q

What is a spectrum?

A

A ‘graph’ that has Frequency on the X-Axis and Amplitude on the Y-Axis

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10
Q

A Spectrum does NOT have a ______ component. Why?

A

Temporal

It displays the frequency composition at a single point in time

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11
Q

For what things are Spectra useful to look at?

A

The magnitude of various frequency components

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12
Q

Can Spectra be used to to study how a signal changes over time?

A

No

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13
Q

What are two types of spectra?

A

FFT

LPC

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14
Q

What does FFT stand for?

A

Fast Fourier Transform

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15
Q

An FFT decomposes the signal into its ______.

A

Frequency components

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16
Q

FFT is an ______ that greatly expedites the computations required for a more precise __________

A

Algorithm

Discrete Fourier Transfer

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17
Q

On an FFT, what is on the X-Axis? On the Y-Axis?

A

Frequency

Amplitude

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18
Q

Increasing the FFT points allows for a more _______.

A

Accurate display

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19
Q

All of the peaks on an FFT is a _______ of the __________. The peaks are ________________.

A

Harmonic

Glottal Buzz

Resonances of the vocal tract

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20
Q

What does LPC stand for?

A

Linear Predictive Coding

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21
Q

What is LPC? How?

A

A method that attempts to predict upcoming speech samples.

By using a weighted sum of previous samples

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22
Q

LPC uses _______ based on a ______________.

A

Estimation

Vocal Tract Model Filter

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23
Q

Which is more precise: FFT or LPC?

A

FFT

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24
On an LPC display, what is on the X-Axis? What is on the Y-Axis?
Frequency Amplitude
25
LPC is useful for looking at _______ but not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Spectral peaks Detailed frequency components
26
What will increasing the amount of FFT points and increasing the LPC order do?
Change the display
27
Does LPC show the glottal buzz?
No
28
Using LPC, we can construct a picture of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Shape of the vocal tract
29
A spectrogram analyzes sounds in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Three dimensions
30
A spectrogram shows \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Spectral peaks
31
What is a formant? How is is shown on a spectrogram?
A resonance of the vocal tract By darkened bars
32
Does a spectrogram have a time domain?
Yes
33
A spectrogram is the ________ of a series of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Composite Spectra over time
34
What are the two types of spectrograms?
Wide band Narrow band
35
A wide-band spectrogram shows \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. These are seen in the \_\_\_\_\_\_.
Glottal pulses Striations
36
Are pulses seen in fricatives?
No
37
How do you get from a time waveform to a spectrogram? (3)
Sample the waveform every several milliseconds Create an FFT Plot these series of these spectra over time
38
The peaks of the FFT show up as _______ on the spectrogram.
Ridges
39
How do you calculate harmonics?
1 x fundamental 2 x fundamental 3x fundamental etc.
40
Narrow-band spectrograms have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Detailed frequency resolution
41
What is a narrow-band spectrogram good for looking at? (2)
Pitch changes Harmonic structure
42
What is a narrow-band spectrogram bad for looking at?
Resonances
43
The analysis bandwidth of a narrow-band spectrogram has to be ______ than the distance in frequency between the harmonics of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Narrower Voicing Source
44
Generally for narrow-band spectrograms, one would pick a bandwidth that is less than the speaker's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Fundamental Frequency
45
What is the analysis bandwidth of a narrow-band spectrogram?
45 Hz
46
A narrow-band spectrogram captures the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Harmonics
47
What type of spectrogram is ideal for analyzing the formant structure?
Wide Band
48
Wide band spectrograms span over a wider ________ than narrow band spectrograms.
Range of frequencies
49
What type of spectrogram has vertical striations?
Wide Band
50
What type of spectrogram has horizontal striations?
Narrow Band
51
What are wide band spectrograms good for looking at?
Resonances
52
What are wide band spectrograms bad for looking at? (2)
Pitch changes Harmonic structure
53
In a wide band spectrogram, the analysis bandwidth has to be ______ than the ______________ between the harmonics of the voicing source.
Larger Distance in frequency
54
Generally in a wide band spectrogram, one would pick an analysis bandwidth that is ________ than the speaker's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Larger Fundamental frequency
55
What is the analysis bandwidth of a wide band spectrogram?
300 Hz
56
In what kind of spectrogram are f0 changes visible?
Narrow Band
57
What kind of spectrogram shows harmonics? How?
Narrow band Vertical Stripes
58
What kind of spectrogram shows resonances? How?
Wide band Horizontal bands
59
What kind of spectrogram shows glottal pulses? How
Wide band Vertical striations
60
What is a pitch contour?
It tracks fundamental frequency over time
61
What kind of spectra is this?
FFT
62
What kind of spectra is this?
LPC
63
This is an example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. This information is used to construct a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Spectrum
64
Label the Following:
A = Waveform B = Spectrograph C = Pitch Contour
65
Label the Following:
1 = Time Wave Form 2 = Spectrum (FFT\_ 3 = Narrow-Band Spectrograph 4 = Wide-Band Spectrograph

Speech Science (8 decks)

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