06a_Attachment

Question 1

Attachment:

Internal Working Model

Answer 1

Mental representation of self and others that influences future relationships

Question 2

Signs of Attachment

Answer 2

Social referencing

Separation anxiety

Stranger anxiety

Question 3

Attachment:

Social Referencing

Answer 3

Looking toward caregiver to determine how to respond in new or ambiguous situations

e.g. 1yo’s willingness to cross a visual cliff depends on mother’s facial expression

Question 4

Secure Attachment

Answer 4

Mildly upset when mother leaves

Actively seeks contact upon her return

Question 5

Mothers of securely attached children

Answer 5

Emotionally sensitive

Responsive to their babies’ cues

Question 6

Insecure Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment

Answer 6

Alternates between clinging and resisting mother

Becomes very disturbed when left alone with stranger

Ambivalent upon mother’s return

May become angry and resist attempts at physical contact

Question 7

Mothers of insecure Ambivalent/Resistant children

Answer 7

Moody

Inconsistent caregiving

Question 8

Insecure Avoidant Attachment

Answer 8

Little interaction with mother

Little distress when she leaves the room

Avoids or ignores her when she returns

Display similar reaction to mother and strangers

Question 9

Mothers of avoidant children

Answer 9

One of two extremes:

Very impatient and unresponsive
or
Provide too much stimulation

Question 10

Disorganized Disoriented Attachment

Answer 10

Fear of caregivers

Dazed or confused facial expression

Variety of disorganized behaviors

*80% with this attachment style have been mistreated by caregivers

Question 11

Disorganized Attachment:

Increased risks

Answer 11

Hostile and aggressive behavior

Low self-esteem

Low academic achievement in childhood

Question 12

Effects of Insecure attachment:

Best predictors of future adjustment

Answer 12

Improvement of parent caregiving skills

Development of strong bonds outside immediate family

Question 13

Key contributor to secure father-infant attachment

Answer 13

Caregiving activities (vs maternal sensitivity)

Especially vigorous physical play

Question 14

Prolonged Separation:

Effects of age at time of separation

Answer 14

Prior to 3 months: no negative consequences

9 months or older: extreme reactions

Question 15

Effects of prolonged separation at 9 months or older

Answer 15

Feeding and sleeping problems

Social withdrawal

Increased stranger anxiety

Physical rejection of new mother or excessive clinging to her

Question 16

Children initially raised in institutions:

Bonding with adoptive parents

Answer 16

They re able to develop a close bond if they are adopted by 6 years of age

Question 17

Three classifications and Adult Attachment and associated attachment styles of their children

Answer 17

Autonomous (secure children)

Preoccupied (resistant/ambivalent children)

Dismissing (avoidant children)