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Question 1

What percentage of white American kids are consistently outgoing?

Answer 1

25%

Question 2

What percentage of white American kids are consistently shy?

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

What age did Kagan & Snidman study shyness in infants?

Answer 3

4 months

This study focused on infants’ reactions to novel stimuli.

Question 4

What two measures were used to rate infants in the Kagan & Snidman study?

Answer 4

Motor activity and crying

These measures served as indicators of distress.

Question 5

What percentage of infants were rated high-high on both motor activity and crying?

Answer 5

23%

This reflects a significant group displaying high levels of both measures.

Question 6

What percentage of infants were rated low-low on both motor activity and crying?

Answer 6

37%

This indicates a notable group with low levels of both measures.

Question 7

What percentage of infants showed mixed ratings on motor activity and crying?

Answer 7

40%

This group exhibited varying levels of distress.

Question 8

At what ages were toddlers exposed to strangers or unusual tastes after the initial study?

Answer 8

9 and 14 months

This follow-up was part of the longitudinal study on shyness.

Question 9

What was found about the toddlers with the lowest fear scores at 14 months?

Answer 9

None had been high-high at 4 months

This indicates stability in shyness levels from infancy to toddlerhood.

Question 10

What was found about the toddlers with the highest fear scores at 14 months?

Answer 10

None had been low-low at 4 months

This suggests that high levels of shyness do not change to low levels as they develop.