2 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What environmental factor increases the likelihood of shyness?
Having a dominating older sibling increases the likelihood of shyness.
What is the chance of an extremely shy toddler not being shy by age 7?
An extremely shy toddler has a 50/50 chance of not being shy by age 7.
Family encouragement of play with other children reduces shyness.
How does culture impact shyness?
Behavioral inhibition/shyness is more accepted in Chinese culture than in American culture.
(Chen, 1998)
What percentage of parents develop postnatal depression?
10-20% of parents develop postnatal depression.
What is the prevalence of postpartum psychosis?
1 in 1000 women experience postpartum psychosis.
When are women more likely to be admitted to psychiatric care after giving birth?
In the 18 months after birth, women are 23% more likely to be admitted to psychiatric care than at any other time in their lives.
What percentage of women in a NZ survey met criteria for postnatal depression?
14% of respondents in a NZ survey met criteria for postnatal depression.
Which groups are more likely to have postnatal depression? (NZ example)
Asian people and those with a low household income (under 40k) are more likely to have postnatal depression.
What is the prevalence of paternal postnatal depression in NZ?
Approximately 10% of fathers experience postnatal depression.
What are some risk factors for paternal postnatal depression?
Risk factors include previous history of severe depression, depression/anxiety during the antenatal period, a partner with postnatal depression, limited education, and having other children in the family.
What are some risks associated with postnatal depression?
Postnatal depression can lead to reduced IQ at age 11 in boys, increased behavioral problems, violent behavior, ADHD, and special education needs.
How do the effects of postnatal depression differ between boys and girls?
Effects in girls are in the same direction as boys, but are not as strong.
Give a broad overview of the baby blues (focusing on numbers)
Baby blues affect 70-80% of women, peak 3-5 days postpartum, and resolve by 10-14 days.
What symptoms are included in the baby blues?
Symptoms include mood lability, tearfulness, anxiety/depression, irritability, fatigue, and insomnia.
What did Shapiro et al. (2000) find about marital satisfaction?
Marital satisfaction declines in 67% of wives with children and in 51% of wives without children.
What did Doss et al. (2009) find about relationship deterioration after having a child?
There is a sudden deterioration in relationships after the first child, which persists 8 years later.
How does relationship deterioration differ between childless couples and those with children?
Childless couples experience gradual deterioration, but end up in the same place as couples with children.
