4 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Outcomes for securely attached children at 2 and 3 years?
Less negative emotion, more positive emotion.
Outcomes for securely attached children at 3 years?
Better curiosity, social, and cognitive skills; more likely to be sought out as friends and chosen as leaders.
How do securely attached children interact with teachers?
Interact in friendly and appropriate ways.
Outcomes for insecurely attached boys at 5 years?
Boys exhibit aggressive behavior.
Outcomes for insecurely attached girls at 5 years?
Girls are overly dependent, clinging to teachers instead of exploring.
What did Schneider et al. (2001) find in their meta-analysis?
Children with secure attachment tend to have better peer relations and higher quality friendships at a later age.
What are the three classes of parents identified in the Adult Attachment Interview?
Secure, Dismissive, Preoccupied.
Characteristics of dismissive parents?
Deny the value of childhood experiences or recall them precisely, often idealizing parents.
Characteristics of preoccupied parents?
Describe childhood experiences emotionally, often expressing anger or confusion regarding relationships with parents.
What increases the likelihood of insecure attachment?
When the caregiver is rigid and expects the baby to adjust to them.
What did Waters et al. (2000) find regarding attachment stability?
72% of the time, attachment status remains either secure or insecure from 12 months to 20-21 years.
What did Hamilton (2000) find about attachment concordance rates?
77% concordance rate between attachment at 1 year and 17 years.
Is there inter-cultural variation in attachment styles?
Yes, but basic patterns are consistent; insecure attachment may be more avoidant in Germany and more resistant in Japan.
What deficits are seen in children from orphanages?
Deficits in IQ, language, social skills, and mental health.
What happens to children adopted from orphanages by age 8?
Differences in IQ, language, and social skills are gone, except for emotional and behavioral issues.
What is the average IQ of Romanian kids adopted before 6 months?
Above average IQ, similar to English kids adopted at the same age.
What did Rheingold (1982) find about toddlers?
18- to 30-month-olds spontaneously try to help parents or strangers with household chores.
What did Carew (1980) find about toddler interactions at home?
82% of toddler interactions were initiated by the toddler.
What did Azmitia & Hessier (1993) study?
Interactions between 7-year-old and 9-year-old siblings and a 9-year-old friend during a building task.
What was found regarding older siblings and help?
Children with older siblings tend to look more to them for directions than to friends.
What is the false belief task?
At 3 years, children cannot pass this task; they think everyone knows what they know.
What are the two types of pointing?
Protoimperative and Protodeclarative.
What is protoimperative pointing?
Pointing to get the mother to pick something up (e.g., ‘I want that’).
What is protodeclarative pointing?
Pointing with no apparent desire for an object (e.g., ‘This is interesting, are you looking where I’m looking?’).
