1/22/15

Question 1

Chronic infection with what parasite can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder? What other disease can this parasite lead to? What is the treatment for this parasite?

Answer 1

schistosoma haematobium
pulmonary hypertension
praziquantel

Question 2

What are the signs of gallbladder adenocarcinoma? What chronic condition puts people at risk for gallbladder adenocarcinoma?

Answer 2

diffuse thickening of the gallbladder wall, polyps and enlarged lymph nodes
chronic gallbladder inflammation from gallstones

Question 3

What would you find on ERCP in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis? With primary biliary cirrhosis?

Answer 3

PSC: “beading” of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts from alternating strictures and dilations due to inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts
PBC: small intrahepatic bile duct destruction

Question 4

What is the best test for C. Diff infections?

Answer 4

a toxin assay because only pathogenic strains of c. difficile cause diarrhea. You can’t use a stool culture to test for c. difficile because non-toxin producing strains can be present in normal flora of some adults

Question 5

What is the main treatment for refractory Crohn’s disease? How does it work?

Answer 5

inflixamab is a monoclonal antibody against TNF-alpha

Question 6

What GI disease is characterized by abdominal pain that gets worse in periods of stress and is relieved by defecation?

Answer 6

irritable bowel syndrome

Question 7

What are the signs of annular pancreas?

Answer 7

bilious vomiting (because obstruction is in the duodenum, passed the ampulla of vater) but no jaundice

Question 8

What bacteria cause bloody diarrhea?

Answer 8

campylobacter, shigella, salmonella (all except typhi), enterohemorrhagic e coli, enteroinvasive e coli, yersinia enterocolictica, (also entamoeba histolytica)