3/17/15

Question 1

What pathologies are associated with psammoma bodies on histology?

Answer 1

PSaMMoma
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
papillary Serous carcinoma of endometrium 
papillary Serous carcinoma of ovary
Mesothelioma
Meningioma

Question 2

What is the most serious side effect of metformin? of glipizide/sulfonylureas? of acarbose/alpha glucosidase inhibitors?

Answer 2

metformin - increased susceptibility to lactic acidosis
glipizide - hypoglycemia and disulfiram-like reaction
acarbose - diarrhea and flatulence

Question 3

What is the mnemonic for DiGeorge syndrome’s clinical manifestations?

Answer 3

CATCH-22
Cardiac defects
Abnormal facies (low set ears)
Thymic hypoplasia (T cell deficiency)
Cleft palate
Hypocalemia (hypoparathyroidism)
22q11 deletion

Question 4

what is the mnemonic for high anion gap metabolic acidosis?

Answer 4

MUDPILES
Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Paraldehyde
Isoniazid or infection
Lactic acidosis
Ethanol
Salicylates

Question 5

How do you treat diabetic ketoacidosis? What electrolyte do you have to monitor closely?

Answer 5

Treat with aggressive fluid resuscitation and insulin to decrease blood glucose levels.
Because insulin shifts potassium from outside the cell to inside the cell, monitor potassium levels carefully to avoid hypokalemia