1/28/20

Question 1

earliest animals are most easily defined by ____ and ____

Answer 1

body plan symmetry; embryo development

Question 2

three types of animal symmetry

Answer 2

asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry

Question 3

this type of symmetry has no dividing planes/axis

Answer 3

asymmetry

Question 4

this type of symmetry has no anterior/posterior ends and is divided along multiple planes

Answer 4

radial symmetry

Question 5

this type of symmetry is divided along a single plane

Answer 5

bilateral symmetry

Question 6

animals with radial symmetry have an ____ end and an ____ end

Answer 6

oral; aboral

Question 7

the area of a radially symmetric animal where the mouth can be found

Answer 7

oral

Question 8

the area of a radially symmetric animal opposite of the mouth

Answer 8

aboral

Question 9

bilaterally symmetric animals have a ____ and ____, ____ and ____, ____ and ____, and _____ and ____

Answer 9

front;back, top;bottom, anterior;posterior, dorsal;ventral

Question 10

the head end of a bilaterally symmetric animal

Answer 10

anterior

Question 11

the tail end of a bilaterally symmetric animal

Answer 11

posterior

Question 12

the backside of a bilaterally symmetric animal

Answer 12

dorsal

Question 13

the front side of a bilaterally symmetric animal

Answer 13

ventral

Question 14

the earliest animals had a(n) ____ symmetry

Answer 14

asymmetric

Question 15

____ symmetry was the second to evolve

Answer 15

radial

Question 16

nearly all extant animals have ____ symmetry

Answer 16

bilateral

Question 17

an egg that has been fertilized by a sperm

Answer 17

zygote

Question 18

cell division without growth

Answer 18

cleavage

Question 19

Phyla ____ and ____ lack a distinct cleavage pattern

Answer 19

Porifera; Cnidaria

Question 20

most bilateral animals divide in ____ or ____ cleavage

Answer 20

radial; spiral

Question 21

cleavage planes are symmetrical to polar axis and produce tiers of cells on top of each other forming identical blastomeres that could each form a complete embryo

Answer 21

radial cleavage

Question 22

cells cleave at an angle to polar axis and cleave asymmetrically, producing small cells on top of large (nonidentical blastomeres could not individually form a complete embryo)

Answer 22

spiral cleavage

Question 23

cells formed during cleavage

Answer 23

blastomeres

Question 24

all ____ have spiral cleavage

Answer 24

Lophotrochoza

Question 25

all ____ have radial cleavage

Answer 25

Deuterostomia

Question 26

fluid-filled ball of cells that forms from the zygote

Answer 26

blastula

Question 27

name for the cavity in the center of the blastula

Answer 27

blastocoel

Question 28

Phylum(s) ____ progress into the blastula stage

Answer 28

ALL

Question 29

Phylum ____ does not progress past the blastula stage

Answer 29

Porifera

Question 30

blastula forms into ____

Answer 30

gastrula

Question 31

process by which one end of the gastrula invaginates

Answer 31

gastrulation

Question 32

pocket formed in gastrula following gastrulation

Answer 32

gastrocoel

Question 33

germ layers of the gastrula

Answer 33

ectoderm and endoderm

Question 34

animals with two germ layers

Answer 34

diploblasts

Question 35

the third layer that forms in the gastrula of some species

Answer 35

mesoderm

Question 36

animals with three germ layers

Answer 36

triploblasts

Question 37

the mesoderm forms into this following development

Answer 37

coelom

Question 38

the area in the body that stores all organs

Answer 38

coelom

Question 39

when the mesoderm lines only the outer edge of the blastocoel

Answer 39

pseudocoelom

Question 40

when the mesoderm forms into a spongy tissue that fills the blastocoel

Answer 40

acoelomate body

Question 41

when the mesoderm lines both the outer and inner edges of the blastocoel

Answer 41

coelomate

Question 42

forms everything from the mouth to the anus

Answer 42

endoderm

Question 43

forms muscle, bone, connective tissue, circulatory system, adipose tissue, etc.

Answer 43

mesoderm

Question 44

forms skin, teeth, hair, CNS, eyes, etc.

Answer 44

ectoderm

Question 45

all ____ and ____ are triploblasts

Answer 45

Protostomes; Deuterostomes

Question 46

all ____ and ____ are diploblasts

Answer 46

Cnidarians; Ctenophores

Question 47

mesoderm type is/isn't a reliable character

Answer 47

isn't

Question 48

>95% of animals have this type of mesoderm

Answer 48

coelomate

Question 49

in ____, the blastophore develops into the mouth first

Answer 49

Protostomes

Question 50

in ____, the blastophore develops into the anus first

Answer 50

Deuterostomes

Question 51

ways to define an animal

Answer 51

multicellular eukaryotes, heterotrophic, no cell walls, motile (at some life stage), and development into at least blastula

Question 52

hierarchy of complex bodies

Answer 52

protoplasm>cellular>tissue>tissue-organ>organ-system

Question 53

thought to be earliest ancestor of all animals

Answer 53

Choanoflagellates

Question 54

earliest animals

Answer 54

Phylum Porifera

Question 55

characters of Porifera

Answer 55

sessile as adults, "skeleton" made of spicules/collagen, no digestive system, no respiratory system, no excretory system, no nervous system, all aquatic (mostly marine), no tissue, mostly hermaphroditic, can produce asexually