Flashcards in 1. anatomy of upper limb and back Deck (18)
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1
pectoral girdle
scapula and clavicle
2
movements of the vertebral column
flexion/extension
lateral flexion/lateral extension
rotation
3
curvatures of vertebral column
cervical lordosis
thoraces kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis
4
purpose of vertebral curvatures
bipedalism
shock absorption
flexibility
5
vertebral ligaments
anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flava
6
purpose of vertebral ligaments
reinforce and stabilise joints
limit range of movement
7
which ligament/s resist hyperextension?
anterior longitudinal ligament
8
which ligament/s resist hyperflexion?
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flava
9
intervertebral joints/discs
for weight bearing and strength
secondary cartilaginous
shock absorbers
thickness increases down the vertebral column
10
parts of intervertebral discs
nucleus pulposus - core, semi-fluid
annulus fibrosus - outer, strong
11
facet joints
between vertebral arches
synovial joints
movement depends on joint
cervical: flexion/extension/rotation
thoracic: rotation only
lumbar: flexion/extension only
12
back muscles
extrinsic - move limbs/ribs, superficial and intermediate
intrinsic - postural, deep
separated by thoracolumbar fascia
13
superficial back muscles
trapezius - rotates scapula
latissimus dorsi - adducts/medially rotates arm
14
intermediate back muscles
levator scapulae - elevates scapula
rhomboids - retracts scapula
15
deep back muscles
3 layers
splenius - in neck
erector spinal - main group
multifidus - very deep
16
erector spiane
3 muscle blocks
spinales - spinous processes
longissumus- transvers processes
iliocostalis - to ribs
17
purpose of multifidus
from transverse processes to spinous processes
extends, rotates and stabilises vertebral column
18
