1. anatomy of upper limb and back Flashcards
(18 cards)
pectoral girdle
scapula and clavicle
movements of the vertebral column
flexion/extension
lateral flexion/lateral extension
rotation
curvatures of vertebral column
cervical lordosis
thoraces kyphosis
lumbar lordosis
sacral kyphosis
purpose of vertebral curvatures
bipedalism
shock absorption
flexibility
vertebral ligaments
anterior longitudinal ligament
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flava
purpose of vertebral ligaments
reinforce and stabilise joints
limit range of movement
which ligament/s resist hyperextension?
anterior longitudinal ligament
which ligament/s resist hyperflexion?
posterior longitudinal ligament
ligamentum flava
intervertebral joints/discs
for weight bearing and strength
secondary cartilaginous
shock absorbers
thickness increases down the vertebral column
parts of intervertebral discs
nucleus pulposus - core, semi-fluid
annulus fibrosus - outer, strong
facet joints
between vertebral arches synovial joints movement depends on joint cervical: flexion/extension/rotation thoracic: rotation only lumbar: flexion/extension only
back muscles
extrinsic - move limbs/ribs, superficial and intermediate
intrinsic - postural, deep
separated by thoracolumbar fascia
superficial back muscles
trapezius - rotates scapula
latissimus dorsi - adducts/medially rotates arm
intermediate back muscles
levator scapulae - elevates scapula
rhomboids - retracts scapula
deep back muscles
3 layers
splenius - in neck
erector spinal - main group
multifidus - very deep
erector spiane
3 muscle blocks
spinales - spinous processes
longissumus- transvers processes
iliocostalis - to ribs
purpose of multifidus
from transverse processes to spinous processes
extends, rotates and stabilises vertebral column
back nerve supply
anterior primary rami - to extrinsic muscles
posterior primary rami - to intrinsic muscles
