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204 theme 2 > upper limb muscles > Flashcards

upper limb muscles Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

extrinsic muscles (back)

A

originate from torso

attach to bones of the shoulder (clavicle, scapula or humerus) organ used into superficial and deep layer

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2
Q

trapezius

A

extrinsic, superficial muscle in the back
origin: skull, nuchal ligament and spinous processes fo C7-T12
insertion: clavicle, acromion and scapula spine
innervation: motor - accessory nerve, proprioceptive - C3, C4
blood supply: cervicodorsal trunk
actions:
- upper fibres - elevate scapula and rotate it during arm abduction
- middle fibres: retract scapula
- lower fibres: pull scapula inferiorly

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3
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

extrinsic, superficial muscle in the back
strap-like muscle
origin: spinous processes of T7-T12, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia abd inferior 3 ribs
insertion: fibres converge into tendon attaching to intertubercular surface of sulcus of the humerus
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
blood supply: thoracodorsal artery
actions: on upper limb
- extension
- adduction
- medial rotation

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4
Q

levator scapulae

A 
deep, extrinsic muscle in the back 
origin: transverse processes fo C1-C4
insertion: medial border of scapula
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve 
blood supply: dorsal scapular artery 
actions: elevates scapula
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5
Q

rhomboid major

A 
deep, extrinsic muscle in the back 
inferior to rhomboid minor
origin: spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae 
insertion: medial border of the scapula
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve 
blood supply: dorsal scapular artery 
actions: retracts and rotates scapula
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6
Q

rhomboid minor

A 
deep, extrinsic muscle in the back
superior to rhomboid major 
origin: spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
insertion: medial border of the scapula 
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve 
blood supply: dorsal scapular artery 
actions: retracts and rotates scapula
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7
Q

anterior compartment (upper arm)

A

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis
all innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
all supplied by branches of brachial artery

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8
Q

biceps brachii

A

anterior compartment of upper arm
2 headed, enters forearm and blends with deep fascia
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
blood supply: brachial artery
origin:
- long head, supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- short head, coracoid process
insertion: radial tuberosity via bicipital aponeurosis
actions:
- supination of forearm
- flexes arm at elbow and shoulder

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9
Q

coracobrachialis

A 
anterior compartment  of upper arm
origin: coracoid process
insertion: medial side of humeral shaft 
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve 
blood supply: brachial artery
actions:
- flexion of arm at the  shoulder 
-  weak adduction of arm
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10
Q

brachialis

A 
anterior compartment  of upper arm 
origin: medial and lateral surfaces of humeral shaft 
insertion: ulna tuberosity  
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve  
blood supply: brachial artery 
actions: flexion at elbow
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11
Q

posterior compartment (arm)

A

triceps brachii

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12
Q

triceps brachii

A

3 heads
origin:
- long head: infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral head: humerus, superior to radial groove
- medial head: humerus, inferior to radial groove
insertion: heads converge to one tendon - olecranon of the ulna
innervation: radial nerve
blood supply: profunda brachia artery

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13
Q

anterior compartment (forearm)

A

3 compartments: superficial, intermediate and deep

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14
Q

forearm - anterior, superficial compartment

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres
originate from common tendon - arises from medial epicondyle of humerus

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15
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

in superficial, anterior compartment of forearm
origin: medial epicondyle + long origin from ulna
insertion: pisiform carpal bone
innervation: ulnar nerve
blood supply: ulnar artery
actions: flexion and adduction at wrist

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16
Q

palmaris longus

A 
in superficial, anterior compartment of forearm 
absent in ~15% population 
origin: medial epicondyle  
insertion: flexor retinaculum 
innervation: median nerve 
blood supply: ulnar artery 
actions: flexion at the wrist
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17
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

in superficial, anterior compartment of forearm
origin: medial epicondyle
insertion: base of metacarpals II and III
innervation: median nerve
blood supply: ulnar artery
actions: flexion and abduction at the wrist

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18
Q

pronator teres

A

in superficial, anterior compartment of forearm
origin: 2
- medial epicondyle
- coracoid process of ulna
insertion: laterally to mid-shaft of radius
innervation: median nerve
blood supply: ulnar, common interosseous arteries
actions: pronation of forearm

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19
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

in intermediate, anterior compartment of forearm
median nerve and ulnar artery pass between its 2 heads
origin:
- one head from medial epicondyle
- one head from radius
insertion: middle phalanges of 4 fingers (tendons pass through carpal tunnel)
innervation: median nerve
actions:
- flexes wrist
- flexes metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints

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20
Q

forearm - anterior, deep compartment

A

3 muscles

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

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21
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

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A

in deep, anterior compartment of forearm
origin: ulna and associated interosseous membrane
insertion: distal phalanges of four fingers
(tendons pass through carpal tunnel)
innervation:
- medial half, ulnar nerve
- lateral half, median nerve
actions: flex interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints and wrist

22
Q

flexor pollicis longus

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A

in deep, anterior compartment of forearm

origin: anterior surface of radius and surrounding interosseous membrane
insertion: base of distal phalanx of the thumb
innervation: median nerve
actions: flex interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb

23
Q

pronator quadratus

Study These Flashcards
A

in deep, anterior compartment of forearm

origin: anterior surface of ulna
insertion: anterior surface on radius
innervation: median nerve
actions: pronates forearm

24
Q

posterior compartment (forearm)

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A

extensor muscles
all innervated by radial nerve
2 layers: deep and superficial

25
forearm - posterior, superficial compartment
7 muscles 4 share common tendinous origin at lateral epicondyle brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, aconeus
26
brachioradialis
in superficial, posterior compartment of forearm origin: proximal aspect of lateral supracondylar ridge off humerus insertion: distal end of radius innervation: radial nerve actions: flexes elbow
27
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
in superficial, posterior compartment of forearm origin: - longus, supracondylar ridge - brevis, lateral epicondyle insertion: metacarpal bones I and II innervation: radial nerve actions: extends and abducts wrist
28
extensor digitorum
in superficial, posterior compartment of forearm main extensor of fingers origin: lateral epicondyle insertion: extensor hood of each finger innervation: radial nerve actions: extends medial 4 fingers at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
29
extensor digiti minimi
in superficial, posterior compartment of forearm lies medially to extensor digitorum origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: extensor hood of little finger innervation: radial nerve actions: extends little finger, contributes to wrist
30
extensor carpi ulnaris
in superficial, posterior compartment of forearm origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: base of metacarpal V innervation: radial nerve actions: extension and adduction of wrist
31
aconeus
in superficial, posterior compartment of forearm blended with fibres to triceps origin: lateral epicondyle insertion: posterior and lateral part of olecranon innervation: radial nerve actions: - extends and stabilises elbow joint - adducts ulna during pronation of forearm
32
forearm - posterior, deep compartment
act on thumb and index finger (exception of supinator) 5 muscles supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis proprius
33
supinator
in deep, posterior compartment of forearm in floor of cubital fossa branch of radial artery passes between heads origin: 2 heads - one from lateral epicondyle of humerus - one from posterior surface of ulna insertion: posterior surface of radius actions: supinates forearm
34
abductor pollicis longus
in deep, posterior compartment of forearm tendon contributes to lateral border of anatomical snuffbox origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane insertion: lateral side of base of metacarpal I innervation: radial nerve actions: abducts thumb
35
extensor pollicis brevis
in deep, posterior compartment of forearm tendon contributes to lateral border of anatomical snuffbox origin: posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane insertion: base of proximal phalanx in thumb innervation: radial nerve actions: extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints of thumb
36
extensor pollicis longus
in deep, posterior compartment of forearm tendon forms medial border of anatomical snuffbox tendon travels medially to dorsal tubercle to act as pulley origin: posterior surface of ulnar and interosseous membrane insertion: distal phalanx of thumb innervation: radial nerve actions: extends all joints of the thumb (carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal)
37
extensor indicis proprius
in deep, posterior compartment of forearm allows index finger to be independent of other fingers during extension origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane insertion: extensor hood of index finger innervation: radial nerve actions: extends index finger
38
intrinsic muscles of the hand
located within the hand control fine motor functions thenar, hypothenar, lumbricals, interossei, palmaris brevis, adductor pollicis
39
thenar muscles
3 short muscles at base of thumb produce bulge = thenar eminence responsible for fine movements of the thumb innervated by median nerve opponens pollici, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis
40
opponens brevis
thenar muscle (largest), underneath other 2 origin: tubercle of trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum insertion: lateral margin of metacarpal of thumb innervation: median nerve actions: - opposes thumb - medially rotates and flexes metacarpal on trapezium
41
abductor pollicis brevis
thenar muscle - proximal to flexor pollicis brevis origin: tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx fo thumb innervation: median nerve actions: abducts thumb
42
flexor pollicis brevis
thenar muscle, most distal origin: tubercle of trapezium and associated flexor retinaculum insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb innervation: median nerve actions: flexes metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb
43
hypothenar muscles
produce hypothenar eminence - muscular protrusion at base of little finger similar to thenar muscles all innervated by ulnar nerve opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis
44
opponens digiti minimi
deep to other hypothenar muscles origin: hook of hamate and associated flexor retinaculum insertion: medial margin of metacarpal V innervation: ulnar nerve actions: rotates metacarpal of little finger towards palm - produces opposition
45
abductor digiti minimi
most superficial of hypothenar muscles origin: pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi radials insertion: base or proximal phalanx of little finger innervation: ulnar nerve actions: abducts little finger
46
flexor digiti minimi brevis
lateral to abductor digiti minimi origin: hook of hamate and adjacent flexor retinaculum insertion: base of proximal phlanax of little finger innervation: ulnar nerve actions: flexes MCP joint of little finger
47
lumbricals
4 in each hand, associated with each finger crucial to finger movement - links extensor and flexor tendons origin: tendon of flexor digitorum profundus insertion: extensor hood - each passes dorsally and laterally around each finger innervation: - lateral, median nerve - medial, ulnar nerve actions: - flex at metacarpophalangeal joint - extend at interphalangeal joint
48
interossei
intrinsic hand muscles between metacarpals divided in too 2 groups: dorsal and planar assist lumbricals + own actions
49
dorsal interossei
most superficial of all dorsal muscles (palpable) 4 muscles origin: lateral and medial surfaces of metacarpals insertion: extensor hood and proximal phalanx of each finger innervation: ulnar nerve actions: abducts fingers at MCP joints
50
palmar interossei
located anteriorly on hand 3 muscles origin: medial or lateral surface of a metacarpal insertion: extensor hood and proximal phalanx of same finger innervation: ulnar actions: adducts fingers at MCP joints
51
palmaris brevis
small thin muscle, superficial in subcutaneous tissue of hypothenar eminence origin: palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum insertion: dermis of skin on medial margin of hand innervation: ulnar nerve actions: - wrinkles skin of hypothenar eminence - deepens curvature of hand
52
adductor pollicis
triangular muscle with 2 heads radial artery passes anteriorly between 2 heads origin: - one head from metacarpal III - one head from capitate and adjacent areas of metacarpals II and III insertion: base of proximal phalanx off thumb innervation: ulnar nerve actions: adductor of thumb

204 theme 2 (6 decks)

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