1 Attachment Flashcards
(43 cards)
Why is a 2-way emotional bond needed?
Essential for own emotional security and a template for later relationships
This bond is crucial for developing future emotional connections.
What is interactional synchrony in infant-caregiver interactions?
Infants ‘mirror’ caregiver behaviors
This includes non-verbal communication and emotional exchanges.
What role do fathers typically play in child development?
Fathers are more of a ‘playmate’ but have an increased role in modern parenting
Traditionally, mothers are perceived as more ‘nurturing’.
What did Grossman (2002) find about fathers?
Fathers engage in play and stimulation, contributing to quality of attachment in adolescence
This highlights the importance of fathers in emotional and social development.
What is the ‘strange situation’ developed by Ainsworth used for?
To observe attachment styles in infants
It assesses how infants respond to separations and reunions with their caregiver.
What are the characteristics of securely attached infants?
Keen to explore, high stranger anxiety but can calm down, enthusiastic when caregiver returns
Caregivers are sensitive to their needs.
What percentage of infants are classified as insecure avoidant?
15%
These infants are happy to explore but avoid contact when reunited.
What defines insecure resistant attachment?
Unwilling to explore, high stranger anxiety, upset by separation, seeks and rejects caregiver
Caregivers exhibit ambivalent responses to infant needs.
What is insecure disorganized attachment characterized by?
Inconsistent behavior, avoidant and seeking, caregivers are sources of fear and comfort
Infants show confusion in their attachment behaviors.
List the stages of attachment according to Schaffer and Emerson (1964).
- Asocial
- Indiscriminate attachment
- Specific attachment
- Multiple attachment
These stages describe the development of attachment from birth to age 1.
What is the asocial stage of attachment?
Preference for familiar adults but similar behavior towards toys and people
This stage occurs in the first 2 months of life.
At what age do infants begin to show specific attachment?
7+ months
This stage includes anxiety towards strangers and separation anxiety.
What did Lorenz (1935) study regarding animal attachments?
Imprinting in geese, showing long-lasting and irreversible attachment
Sexual imprinting demonstrates courtship behaviors towards the species they imprinted on.
What did Harlow (1959) discover about rhesus monkeys?
Monkeys preferred comfort from a cloth mother over food from a wire mother
This experiment highlighted the importance of comfort in attachment.
Disproved “cupboard love theory”
What is maternal deprivation according to Bowlby (1951)?
The negative effects of losing a primary caregiver on emotional and social development
This concept emphasizes the importance of stable attachments in early life.
Fill in the blank: Hess (1958) stated that imprinting occurs in the first ______ hours.
32
This period is crucial for developing attachments in certain species.
What is Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation primarily focused on?
The effects of separation from a mother or mother-substitute on psychological development
Bowlby emphasizes that early experiences can interfere with the formation of attachments.
What is the significance of continual presence of nurture care according to Bowlby?
It is essential for normal psychological development of babies and toddlers, both emotionally and intellectually
Maternal care is not limited to biological mothers.
Define deprivation in the context of Bowlby’s theory.
Losing an element of the primary attachment figure’s care, which can cause harm
This contrasts with separation, which refers to the absence of the attachment figure.
What is the difference between separation and deprivation?
Separation refers to the absence of the primary attachment figure, while deprivation refers to losing their care
Brief separation is not significant, but extended separation can be harmful.
What is the critical period for attachment according to Bowlby?
About 2.5 years, but can extend up to age 5
Separation during this period can lead to inevitable psychological damage.
What happens to children’s intellectual development if deprived of maternal care during the critical period?
They may suffer delayed intellectual development, resulting in low IQ
Goldfarb’s (1947) research supports this finding.
What are the consequences of maternal deprivation on emotional development?
Children may become affectionless psychopaths, unable to feel guilt or strong emotions for others
This affects their ability to form normal relationships.
What is the continuity hypothesis in relation to Bowlby’s theory?
The idea that early attachment experiences impact future relationships and behaviors
It suggests a link between early deprivation and later criminal behavior.
