2 Approachs Flashcards
(27 cards)
Who founded the behaviourist approach
Watson 1915
What is the order of stimulus and response in classical conditioning
An unconditioned stimulus causes an unconditioned response
A neutral stimulus is paired with the unconditioned stimulus forming an association
The neutral stimulus becomes conditioned as it produces a conditioned response
What is an evaluation study on the behaviourist approach
Watson and Rayner 1920 little Albert
What did Watson and Rayner 1920 do?
investigated conditioning on “little albert” by pairing a white rats with a scary loud sound
What is extinction (behaviourist approach)
Although a conditioned association can be incredibly strong initially, it begins to fade if not reinforced – until is disappears completely
What is generalisation (behaviourist approach)
Conditioned associations can often widen beyond the specific stimuli presented.
For instance, if a child develops a negative association with one teacher, this association might also be made with others.
Who did the study on social learning theory
Bandura et al 1961
What happened in the Bandura 1961 study
children were shown adults playing aggressively with a bobo doll - causing them to copy it in their own play
children who were not shown the aggressive play, played normally
What are the four stages of social learning theory
Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motivation
What is a limitation of the behaviourist approach
reliant on lab research
deterministic
animal studies
What is identification (social learning theory)
Adopting the attitude/behaviour of a group to gain the same experience/consequence
What is imitation (social learning theory)
copying the behaviour of a role model to gain the same observed treatment
When did skinner preform his rat experiment
1940s
What is vicarious reinforcement (social learning theory)
Through observing other’s reinforcement and deciding how likely they are to get the same reinforcement behind a behaviour
What are the 2 main parts of the cognitive approach
Internal working model
Schema’s
What are the 2 parts of the psychodynamic approach
The Conscious and unconscious mind
The psychosexual stages
What is a schema
A learnt cognitive framework to view the world through
What is the preconscious (psychodynamic approach)
Dreams and slips of the tongue (Freudian slips)
What are the 3 defence mechanisms (psychodynamic approach)
Repression
Denial
Displacement
What is the tripartite structure of personality (psychodynamic approach)
Id
Ego
Superego
At what ages does each part of the tripartite structure of personality form
Id = 0-18 mths
Ego = 18mths-3yrs
Superego = 3-6yrs
How many psychosexual stages is there
5
What happens if a child doesn’t resolve a psychosexual stage
They carry the behaviour into adulthood
may not be able to move onto the next stage
What are the 5 psychosexual stages
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latency
Genital
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