(1) Autonomic Drugs: Parasympathetic (1.1-1.3)

Question 1

where are M₁ receptors found?

Answer 1

nerves and CNS

Question 2

where are M₂ receptors found?

Answer 2

(1) Atria
(2) SA
(3) AV

Question 3

where are M₃ receptors found?

Answer 3

(1) Smooth muscle
(2) Glands

Question 4

how does M₃ activation lead to vasodilation?

Answer 4

NO release

(Binding M3 on endothelium ⇒ NO release ⇒ Dilate smooth muscle)

Question 5

Indications (2) : Bethanechol

Answer 5

(1) Non-obstructive GI dysmotility
(2) Urinary retention

Question 6

how does pilocarpine treat glaucoma?

Answer 6

(1) Contract ciliary muscle
(2) Constricts pupillae muscle
* (Ciliary muscle contraction ⇒ ↑ Aqueous humor outflow)*

Question 7

MOA: varenicline

Answer 7

nicotinic receptor PARTIAL agonist

Question 8

what cholinomimetic drug is used for asthma testing?

Answer 8

methacholine

(methacholine challenge instigates asthma for pulmonary testing)

Question 9

what cholinomimetic drug is used for smoking cessation?

Answer 9

varenicline

Question 10

what effect do muscarinic agonists have on the lens of the eye?

Answer 10

induce accommodation

Question 11

how does pilocarpine increase the outflow of aqueous humor?

Answer 11

contracts the ciliary muscle

Question 12

why is pilocarpine helpful in acute angle-closure glaucoma?

Answer 12

contracts the sphincter pupillae m.

Question 13

MOA: Carbachol

Answer 13

(1) Muscarinic agonist
(2) Nicotinic agonist

Question 14

name 2 cholinergic drugs used to treat acute angle-closure glaucoma

Answer 14

(1) Pilocarpine
(2) Carbachol

Question 15

what is the only cholinergic agonist used to treat xerostomia?

Answer 15

pilocarpine

Question 16

Suffix: AChE inhibitors

Answer 16

“-stigmine”

Question 17

What drug is used for long-term treatment of myasthenia gravis?

Answer 17

Pyridostigmine

Question 18

What drug is administered to test for myasthenia gravis?

Answer 18

Edrophonium

Question 19

What does a negative tensilon test suggest?

Answer 19

Cholinergic crisis

Question 20

Is Curare a depolarizing or non-depolarizing NMJ blocker?

Answer 20

Non-depolarizing

Question 21

Is Succinylcholine a depolarizing or non-depolarizing NMJ blocker?

Answer 21

Depolarizing

Question 22

What AChE inhibitor has CNS effects?

Answer 22

Physostigmine

Question 23

What drug is used to reverse Atropine poisoning?

Answer 23

Physostigmine

Question 24

Name two naturally occurring forms of Atropine

Answer 24

(1) Belladona
(2) Jimson weed

Question 25

**Treatment**: Organophosphate poisoning

Answer 25

(1) Pralidoxime (2) Atropine

Question 26

Name three AChE inhibitors used to treat Alzheimer's

Answer 26

(1) Galantamine (2) Rivastigmine (3) Donepezil

Question 27

**MOA**: Pralidoxime

Answer 27

Regenerates AChE

Question 28

Do AChE inhibitors reverse nondepolarizing or depolarizing neuromuscular blockades?

Answer 28

Non-depolarizing

Question 29

Would an AChE inhibitor reverse the action of succinylcholine during phase 1 or phase 2 of the blockade?

Answer 29

Phase 2

Question 30

**MOA**: Organophosphates

Answer 30

AChE inhibitor

Question 31

What determines whether Pralidoxime will be effective at treating organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 31

Whether the organophosphate-cholinesterase complex has aged

Question 32

What are two naturally occurring forms of Atropine?

Answer 32

(1) Belladonna (2) Jimson weed

Question 33

**MOA**: Scopolamine

Answer 33

M1 antagonist

Question 34

**MOA**: Ipratropium

Answer 34

M3 antagonist

Question 35

What are two inhaled antimuscarinic bronchodilators?

Answer 35

(1) Ipratropium (2) Tiotropium

Question 36

What is the difference in action of Tiotropium and Ipratropium?

Answer 36

Tiotropium dissociates more slowly from M3 receptor *(Hence lingering Tio-ooooo rings)*

Question 37

Name 2 antimuscarinics used to treat incontinence

Answer 37

(1) Oxybutynin (2) Tolteridine

Question 38

Name 2 antimuscarinics used to treat Parkinson's

Answer 38

(1) Benztropine (2) Trihexyphenidyl

Question 39

Which symptoms of Parkinson's do antimuscarinics treat?

Answer 39

Tremor and rigidity *(Not bradycardia)*

Question 40

Inhibition of what muscarinic receptor is responsible for "hot as a hare, dry as a cracker, blind as a bat"?

Answer 40

M3

Question 41

**Indications** (3) : Atropine

Answer 41

(1) Bradycardia (2) Heart block (3) Organophosphate poisoning