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3b_Boards - SketchyPharm > (7) Antimicrobials: Inhib Bacterial Protein Synth (2.1-2.6) > Flashcards

(7) Antimicrobials: Inhib Bacterial Protein Synth (2.1-2.6) Flashcards

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1
Q

MOA: Tetracyclines

A

Inhibit 30s ribosome ⇒ Blocks A-site tRNA binding

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2
Q

Are Tetracyclines active against MRSA?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Which class of antibiotics is particularly effective against bacteria transmitted by ticks?

A

Tetracyclines

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4
Q

Name 3 zoonotic infections Tetracyclines are used to treat

A

(1) Coxiella
(2) Brucella
(3) Yersinia

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5
Q

Name 2 atypical (non-zoonotic) infections Tetracyclines are used to treat

A

(1) Chlamydia
(2) Mycoplasma

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6
Q

What notoriously reduces the GI absorption of Tetracyclines?

A

Divalent cations

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7
Q

Contraindications (2) : Tetracyclines

A

(1) Children
(2) Pregnant

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8
Q

Adverse Effects (2) : Tetracyclines

A

(1) GI distress
(2) Photosensitivity

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9
Q

What has been associated with the use of expired Tetracyclines?

A

Fanconi syndrome (Type 2 RTA)

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10
Q

Resistance: Tetracyclines

A

Efflux pumps

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11
Q

How are Tetracyclines eliminated?

A

Fecally

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12
Q

MOA: Macrolides

A

Inhibit 50s ribosome ⇒ Inhibition of translocation

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13
Q

What class of antibiotic is used for pertussis?

A

Macrolide

(Treatment and prophylaxis)

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14
Q

What class of antibiotic is indicated for community-acquired pneumonia in a patient with a history of penicillin allergy?

A

Macrolide

(Or respiratory fluoroquinolone?)

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15
Q

Name 3 atypical pathogens macrolides are used to treat

A

(1) Mycoplasma
(2) Legionella
(3) Chlamydia

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16
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat neonatal conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Erythromycin

(Er-redcrow-mycin)

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17
Q

What is the treatment for babesiosis?

A

Clindamycin + Atovaquone

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18
Q

What’s the antibiotic used for diphtheria?

A

Erythromycin

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19
Q

Which antibiotic is used to treat Bartonella henselae?

A

Azithromycin

(SketchyMicro also shows doxycycline)

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20
Q

What antibiotic is given as prophylaxis for Mycobacterium intracellulare when CD4 < 50?

A

Azithromycin

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21
Q

Adverse Effects (3) : Macrolides

A

(1) Diarrhea
(2) Jaundice
(3) Torsades
* (All macrolides except Erythromycin also inhibit CYP450 system)*

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22
Q

What macrolide most notably inhibits the CYP450 system?

A

Clarithromycin

(Erythromycin inhibits CYP450 system as well. However, AZITHROMYCIN does not!!)

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23
Q

What protein synthesis inhibitor is used in H. pylori triple therapy?

A

Clarithromycin

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24
Q

MOA: Clindamycin

A

Inhibits 50s ribosome ⇒ Blocks translocation

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25
Is Clindamycin bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
Bacteriostatic
26
What is the spectrum of activity of Clindamycin?
(1) Gram (+) (2) Anaerobes * (Occasionally used for plasmodium)*
27
What type of Strep. pyogenes infections is Clindamycin indicated for?
Soft tissue
28
Does Clindamycin or Azithromycin have activity against MRSA?
Clindamycin
29
What type of anaerobic infection is Clindamycin particularly effective against?
Lung abscesses *(Accumulates in MΦs)*
30
What antibiotic is indicated in the treatment of pneumonia due to Bacteroides fragilis?
Clindamycin
31
What is an example of an anaerobe BELOW the diaphragm treated with Clindamycin
Clostridium perfringens ⇒ Gas gangrene *(Clindamycin above diaphragm, metronidazole below)*
32
**Treatment**: _Polymicrobial_ infections of female genital tract
Clindamycin + Gentimicin
33
Which _protein synthesis inhibitor_ is used for Gardnerella vaginalis?
Clindamycin
34
**Adverse Effect**: Clindamycin
Diarrhea
35
What antibiotic is most frequently implicated in causing pseudomembranous colitis?
Clindamycin
36
**MOA**: Chloramphenicol
Inhibits 50s ribosome ⇒ Inhibits peptidyl transferase
37
Is Chloramphenicol bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
Bacteriostatic
38
Indic**a**tions (2) : Chloramphenicol
As an ALTERNATIVE treatment, it has been used for: (1) Meningitis (2) Rocky Mountain spotted fever * (Meningitis in developing countries)*
39
**Adverse Effects** (3) : Chloramphenicol
(1) Reversible RBC suppression (2) Aplastic anemia (3) Grey baby syndrome
40
What is the mechanism of grey baby syndrome?
Accumulation of the drug in newborns (due to ineffective glucuronic acid conjugation system); causes flaccidity, hypothermia, & shock
41
**MOA**: Linezolid
Inhibits 50s ribosome ⇒ Blocks initiation complex
42
What is Linezolid's spectrum of activity?
Gram (+) Cocci
43
**MOA**: Linezolid
Inhibits 50s ribosome ⇒ Blocks initiation complex
44
What is Linezolid's spectrum of activity?
Gram (+) Cocci
45
Which inhibitor of protein synthesis is effective against both MRSA and VRSA?
Linezolid
46
**Adverse Effects** (4) : Linezolid
(1) Thrombocytopenia (2) Optic neuropathy (3) Peripheral neuropathy (4) Serotonin syndrome
47
**MOA**: Aminoglycosides
(1) Inhibit 30s ribosome ⇒ Inhibits initiation complex (2) Induce misreading of mRNA
48
Are aminoglycosides bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
Bacteriocidal
49
Which class of antibiotics induces misreading of the mRNA?
Aminoglycosides
50
What type of organisms are aminoglycosides most effective against?
Aerobic gram (-) bacilli
51
What type of antibiotics are aminoglycosides synergistic with?
Call wall active drugs *(β-lactams, vancomycin, etc.)*
52
Can aminoglycosides be used to treat Clostridium perfringens?
No -- requires AEROBE
53
**ROA**: Aminoglycosides
IV
54
What antibiotic is used to sterilize the bowel before colorectal surgery?
Neomycin
55
Which aminoglycoside is active against GI luminal parasites?
Paromycin
56
Which aminoglycoside is used to treat Francisella?
Streptomycin *(Also treats Yersinia)*
57
**Indication**: Gentamicin
Resistant gram (-) organisms
58
Name 3 aminoglycosides that are active against Pseudomonas
(1) Gentamicin (2) Tobramycin (3) Amikacin
59
Name a gram (+) organism aminoglycosides are effective against
Enterococcus (when paired with cell wall active agent)
60
What is Enterococcus' mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?
Acetylation
61
**Adverse Effects** (5) : Aminoglycosides
(1) Teratogen (2) Ototoxicity (3) Nephrotoxicity (4) Acute tubular necrosis (5) Neuromuscular blockade * (MC cause of acute tubular necrosis)*
62
**Contraindication** - Autoimmune: Aminoglycosides
Myasthenia gravis *(Lambert-Eaton too?)*
63
What developmental defect is associated with aminoglycoside use during pregnancy?
Deafness

3b_Boards - SketchyPharm (32 decks)

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