1- General Hazards Definitions

Question 1

Def. hazards

Answer 1

Situations with a potential to cause harm to people and/or the environment.

Question 2

Def. hazard event

Answer 2

When a hazard is realized (the event actually occurs)

Question 3

Def. disaster

Answer 3

A sudden calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community and causes widespread loss (human, material, economic, or environmental loss)

Question 4

Hazard, hazard event and disaster example

Answer 4

Hazard= high fuel load, dry conditions
Hazard event= bushfire
Disaster= Black Saturday bushfires

Question 4

Hazard, hazard event and disaster example

Answer 4

Hazard= high fuel load, dry conditions
Hazard event= bushfire
Disaster= Black Saturday bushfires

Question 5

Geological/ geophysical hazards

Answer 5

Associated with the dynamics of plate tectonics. Volcanic activity, earthquakes and tsunamis, landslides, avalanches, and subsistence.

Question 6

Hydro meteorological hazards

Answer 6

Atmospheric or climatological- wide range of hazards including droughts, storms, floods, blizzards, bushfire

Question 7

Biological hazards

Answer 7

Associated with life-forms and their processes. Infectious diseases e.g. COVID, malaria: zoonoses e.g. swine flu: plant invasions, animal invasions

Question 8

Technological hazards

Answer 8

Anthropogenic hazards, are connected to human activity. Can combine with natural hazards. Includes oil spills, air quality, industrial waste, acid rain, nuclear weapon use

Question 9

Geological hazard specific example

Answer 9

2004 Boxing Day Tsunami- killed 250000 people as a result of a major earthquake

Question 10

4 types of hazards

Answer 10

Geological
Biological
Technological
Hydro-meteorological

Question 11

3 types of responses to hazard events

Answer 11

Fatalism
Acceptance
Adaptation

Question 12

Fatalistic response to hazard events and example

Answer 12

People accept hazards as inevitable and unavoidable. This may be due to a lack of education, or thinking that the hazard won’t affect them, or may be due to an inability to adapt or move, such as financial pressures e.g. Areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan in response to earthquakes

Question 13

Acceptance response to hazard events and example

Answer 13

Benefits of living in a certain area outweigh the potential hazard and its effects e.g. People living in the volcanic regions of Hawaii

Question 14

Adaptation response to hazard events and examples

Answer 14

People who live in hazard-prone areas but are well-prepared for any event (expensive) e.g. Houses built on stilts in flood-prone QLD, fire-proof building materials

Question 15

Adaptation response to hazard events and examples

Answer 15

People who live in hazard-prone areas but are well-prepared for any event (expensive) e.g. Houses built on stilts in flood-prone QLD, fire-proof building materials