1. Immunology Introduction

Question 1

Why do we need to study Immunology?

Answer 1

Disease: Patogens

Ebola virus
Haemorraghic fever

Trichophyton species
Dermatophyte

Staphylococcus aureus
Necrotizing fasciitis

Bacillus anthracis
Anthrax

Mycobacterium bovis
Bovine tuberculosis

Listeria monocytogenes
Escherichia coli O157:H7
Clostridium botulinum

Parapox virus
squirrelpox

Question 2

Good pathogens

Answer 2

1. ) Skin flora

2. ) Gut Microbiome

Question 3

Disease Autoimmunity

Answer 3

Genes, Environment, Immune regulation -> Autoimmune disease

Question 4

Over 100 different types of Autoimmune disorders

Answer 4

Brain -> Multiple sclerosis, Autism

Thyroid ->Thyroiditis, Graves disease

Bones -> Rheumatoid Athritis

Muscles -> Rheumatoid Athritis

Skin -> Eczema, Scleroderma

Lung -> Fibromyalga

Nerves -> Diabetic Neuropathy

GI Tract -> Cellac’s disease, Diabetes Type I

Blood -> Leukemia, Lupus Erythematosus

Question 5

Disease: Chronic degeneration

Answer 5

A robust immune system helps protect you from premature aging and disease

Question 6

Lymphatic system

Answer 6

• adenoid
• tonsil
• right subclavian vein
• lymph node
• kidney
• appendix
• lymphatic

Question 7

Cardiovascular system

Answer 7

• left subclavian vein
• thymus
• heart
• thoracic duct
• spleen
• peyer’s patch in small intestine
• large intestine
• bone marrow

Question 8

What does the immune system do?

Answer 8

Recognition:
self from non-self

Reaction:
Appropriate response

Remembering:
More efficient response on second encounter

Recovery:
Return to normal function

Question 9

Physical, Chemical and Microbiological barriers

Answer 9

1. ) Mechanical
2. ) Chemical
3. ) Microbiological

Question 10

1.) Mechanical

Answer 10

Epithelial cells joined by tight junctions:
-> Skin, Gut, Lungs, Eyes / noses

Longitudinal flow of air or fluid
-> Skin, Gut

Moment of mucus by cilia
-> Lungs

Tears and nasal cilia
-> eyes / nose

Question 11

2.) Chemical

Answer 11

Fatty acids
-> Skin

Low pH and enzymes (pepsin)
-> Gut

Enzymes in tears (lysozyme)
-> eyes / nose

Antibacterial peptides
-> Skin, Gut, Lungs

Question 12

3.) Microbiological

Answer 12

Normal flora

-> Skin, Gut

Question 13

Bone marrow

Answer 13

-

Question 14

Blood

Answer 14

-

Question 15

Lymph nodes

Answer 15

-

Question 16

Tissues

Answer 16

-

Question 17

Effector cells

Answer 17

-

Question 18

Immune system ‘architecture’ is key to function

Answer 18

• lymphatic system relatively static
• Adaptive system is dynamic
• different cell types located in distinct regions
• cells ‘collect’ antigen
• antigen ‘moves’ through immune structures

=> overall aim is to deal with foreign invaders and protect the host