2. Innate System and Recognition Flashcards
Routes of infection for pathogens -> Mucosal surfaces
- ) Airway
- ) Gastrointestinal tract
- ) Reproductive tract
1.) Airway
Mode of transmission:
- > inhaled droplet
- > Spores
Pathogen:
- > Influenza virus
- > Neisseria meningitidis
- > Bacillus anthracis
Disease:
- > Influenza
- > Meningococcal meningitis
- > inhalation anthrax
2.) Gastrointestinal tract
Mode of transmission:
-> Contaminated water or food
Pathogen:
- > salmonella typhi
- > Rotavirus
Disease:
- > Thyroid fever
- > Diarrhea
3.) Reproductive tract
Mode of transmission:
-> physical contact
Pathogen:
- > Treponima Pallidum
- > HIV
Disease:
- > Syphilis
- > Aids
Routes of infection for pathogens -> external epithelia
- ) external surface
- ) Wounds and abrasions
- ) Insect bites
1.) external surfaces
Mode of transmission:
-> physical contact
Pathogen:
-> Trichophyton
Disease:
-> Athletes foot
2.) Wounds and abrasions
Mode of transmission:
- > minor skin abrasions
- > puncture wounds
- > handling infected animals
Pathogen:
- > Bacillus anthracis
- > Clostridium tetani
- > Francisella tularensis
Disease:
- > Cutaneous anthrax
- > Tetanus
- > Tularemia
3.) Insect bites
Mode of transmission:
- > Mosquito bites (Aedes aegypti)
- > Dear tick bites
- > Mosquito bites (Anopheles)
Pathogen:
- > Flavivirus
- > borrelia burgdorferi
- > Pasmodium spp.
Disease:
- > Yellow fever
- > Lyme disease
- > Malaria
Tight junctions, Cillia + mucous, Defensins
Bronchial ciliated epithelium
- > goblet cell + cilia
- > blood vessel
- > mucous gland
- > gland duct
Gut epithelium
- > panneth cells form crypt
- > microbes near goblet cell
- > macrophage involved
Epidermis of skin
-> Stratum basale
- > Stratum binosum -> stratum granulosum -> stratum lucidum => watertight lipid layer with lamellar bodies
- > stratum corneum
Location
Bone with Stem cell niche (bone matrix + blood cell encased in Pericyte)
Hematopoietic stem cell -> Multipotent stem cell -> Myeloid progenitor cell
=> Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil, onocyte / macrophage, plateletes, red blood cells
Multipotent stem cell -> lymphoid progenitor cell => Natural kille (NK) cell, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes
Leukocyte = greek Leukos = white / clear cyte = cell
Lymphoid organs / tisues
Primary lymphoid organs:
- > thymus
- > bone marrow
Secondary lymphoid organs + tissues:
- > Waldeyer’s ring (tonsils + adenoids)
- > bronchus associated lymphoid tissue
- > lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen
- > lymphoid nodules
- > mesenteric lymph nodes
- > Peyer’s patch
- > urogenital lymphoid tissue
- > lymph nodes
- Thymus - T cells
- BM - B cells
- Lymph organs
- Peripheral tissues
- Antigen recognition
- Lymph drainage
- Activation
The spleen
Collects antigen from the blood
- blood-borne microorganisms
- Soluble antigens
- antigen:antibody complexes
- Disposes of senescent cells
- PALS are full of T cells, lymphocytes & antigen loaded DCs.
Haematoxylin + Eosin: RP = Red pulp PFZ = PeriFollicular Zone MZ = Marginal Zone Co = Corona GC = Germinal Centre
PALS = PeriArteriolar Lymphoid Sheath
Lymph node
- Coritcal sinus
- secondary lymphoid follicle (with germinal centre)
- afferent lymphatic vessel (entry)
- paracortical area (mostly T cells)
- germinal center
- primary lymphoid follicle (mostly B cells)
- medullary cords (macrophages + plasma cells)
- medullary sinus
- artery
- vein
- efferent lympathic vessel (exit)
- senescent germinal centre
- marginal sinus
Lymph node functioning
- macrophages
- pathogen carrying dendritic cells + bacterial components attach to macrophage
- entry through afferent lymphatic vessel where the lymph is drainign from infected tissue
- > macrophage engulfing bacterium
T cells are activated by dendritic cell + plasma cells with antibodies
Exit through efferent lymphatic vessel
Gut associated lymphoid tissues
- gut lumen
- epithelium
M - Cell
- Dendritic cells + T cells with B cells containing follicle + germinal center
efferent lymphatics
