1 - Intro

Question 1

difference between nativism and empiricism

Answer 1

nativism: what babies are born with vs empiricism: what babies learn since we’re blank slates at birth

Question 2

define continuity

Answer 2

smooth and gradual building upon previous development

Question 3

define discontinuity

Answer 3

stage theories with abrupt changes in general abilities

Question 4

define sensitive periods

Answer 4

optimal experiences for development in a typical way

Question 5

define critical periods

Answer 5

stages where typical developmental changes must occur otherwise abnormality may occur

Question 6

define domain general

Answer 6

developing skills related to each other

Question 7

define domain specific

Answer 7

developing separate skills

Question 8

define nature

Answer 8

extent to which inherited factors via genetics shape development - initial state and we all end up at similar end states

Question 9

define nurture

Answer 9

extent to which environment shapes development, w our end states varying and can be very diff

Question 10

define nativism

Answer 10

born w potential to actuate bhvrl tendencies and we inherit mental structures and innate knowledge ab certain aspects of the world

Question 11

ethology is part of which? nativism or empiricism

Answer 11

nativism

Question 12

define ethology

Answer 12

bhvr should be viewed and understood as occurring in a particular context w adaptive/survival value

Question 13

define imprinting

Answer 13

primed from attachment when exposed to parents after birth, creating a strong proximity

Question 14

Bowlby’s maternal deprivation theory is ethological and states what

Answer 14

socioemotional development relies on attachment formed in early life, bonding is a critical stage, and being separated from mothers when young leads to affectionless psychopathy

Question 15

evolutionary is nativism and states what

Answer 15

critical components of psychological functioning reflect evolutionary changes critical for survival

Question 16

5 influences on development

Answer 16

individual characteristics (genes) and contextual influences (ppl surrounding)
culture 
ecology
lifespan perspective
biological perspective

Question 17

what is sociocultural theory

Answer 17

development occurs thru interaction w more skilled ppl, aided by tools and institutions provided by their culture

Question 18

culture can affect what

Answer 18

development, e.g. attachment

Question 19

what 2 things vary between cultures

Answer 19

genetic influence and env risk

Question 20

what are the 6 features of ecology

Answer 20

individual
microsystem
mesosystem
exosystem
macrosystem
chronosystem

Question 21

what is lifespan perspective

Answer 21

development continuing throughout the life cycle

Question 22

define age cohort effect

Answer 22

ppl born in same year or historical period where historical factors influence psychological development

Question 23

what is biological perspective

Answer 23

there are biological changes, e.g. neurons, in the brain with development

Question 24

what type of development are pavlov and skinner

Answer 24

gradual, continuous and based on experience

Question 25

what is maturational experience

Answer 25

abilities largely determined by genetic inheritance w skills occuring in particular orders determined by inherited biological timetables

Question 26

what is id responsible for

Answer 26

instinctual drives, aggression, sex

Question 27

what is ego responsible for

Answer 27

compromises btwn superego/id, gratification thru socially acceptable bhvr

Question 28

what is superego responsible for

Answer 28

internalised conscience of morals, standards, values

Question 29

what happens in the oral stage

Answer 29

id develops oral stimulation and gratification (thumbsucking, breastfeeding) become orally fixated without bonding, so mistrust

Question 30

what happens in the anal stage

Answer 30

ego develops learn independence and personal powers poor development results in co-dependency

Question 31

what happens in the phallic stage

Answer 31

superego and sexual development want love/acceptance from opposite sex parent paramount anxiety and fear results in sexual issues w opposite sex

Question 32

what happens in the latent stage

Answer 32

sexual identity development and wanting acceptance from others, making friends

Question 33

in cognitive develpoment, what is SLT an example of

Answer 33

how imitation relies on processing info and selecting specific bhvrs to copy

Question 34

what does neo-piagetism information processing involve

Answer 34

have exec control structure for problem solving, which has a representation of the problem, goal, and strategy to achieve the goal

Question 35

what is discourse analysis

Answer 35

researching how language used to construct asxsnd represent an understanding of an idea

Question 36

what is ethnography

Answer 36

getting inside a group to research processes

Question 37

what is a cross-sectional study

Answer 37

comapred different age levels at same point in time

Question 38

what is a sequential study

Answer 38

combines cross-sectional and longitudinal to study age-related changes, generational effects testing or practice effect impacts