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Development > 3 - Morality and Mental Disorders > Flashcards

3 - Morality and Mental Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

define morality

A

principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong, good and bad bhvr, system of values, and principles of conduct

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2
Q

define externalising disorders

A

inability to control bhvr to suit the environment

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3
Q

define internalising disorders

A

psychological disturbances where the child seems overly controlled, unhappy, or withdrawbn

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4
Q

girls are seen as more typically developed if they are more what

A

socially skilled

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5
Q

what type of parents are more likely to see a child’s bhvr as negative

A

depressed, anxious, abusive

abusive attribute to internal dispositions

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6
Q

define multifinality

A

starting at the same place and having very different outcomes due to different environments

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7
Q

define equifinality

A

starting at different places and ending up w the same psychopathic traits

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8
Q

limitations of the DSM-V

A

lacks validity, reliability needs improving

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9
Q

define diagnosis

A

identification of a disease or disorder based on symptoms and knowledge of causes

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10
Q

what is deviation from the ideal

A

establishing mentally healthy/unhealthy bhvrs and deciding what deviates

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11
Q

-ive of deviation

A

healthy/unhealthy varies by culture

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12
Q

what is the empirical method

A

adult familiar w child development disorders rates bhvrs on if bhvrs are displayed or the degree to which they do

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13
Q

anxiety may be what % heritable

A

50-60

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14
Q

what’s social anxiety

A

fear ab social evaluation

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15
Q

what’s GAD

A

too much worry ab many topics

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16
Q

what reinforces anxiety symptoms

A

biases, e.g. memory bias however could also be biologically at risk

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17
Q

define depression

A

internalising mood disorder leading to depressed mood, loss of interest, can lead to irritability

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18
Q

infants and children experience disruptive mood dysregulation which consists of what

A

severe recurrent temper outbursts, inconsistent w development 3+ times a week and are irritable/angry most of the time

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19
Q

what is required to be diagnosed with disruptive mood dysregulation

A

younger than 10 and have symptoms for more than a year in 2+ settings

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20
Q

describe major depression

A

sad, irritable, empty
cognitive and somatic changes affecting functioning ability
need 5+ symptoms in 2 weeks

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21
Q

how do infants show depression

A

sad, crying, disinterest, delayed movement development, sleeping and feeding problems

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22
Q

how do young children show depression

A

irritability, withdrawal, bed-wetting, friendship formating difficulties

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23
Q

how do school children show depression

A

irritability, tiredness, disinterest, anxiety, low SE

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24
Q

how do adolescents show depression

A

tiredness, disinterest, weight changes, suicidal thoughts, hypo/hypersomnia

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25
social depression causes
insecure attachment, loss of maternal affection (AP), parental conflict, -ive life events, not meeding cultural achievement standards
26
biological depression causes
genetic - more likely to have if parents did, possibly leading to insecure attachment
27
define conduct disorder
repetition/persistence of bhvrs violating others' basic rights/age-approp societal norms and rules
28
common features of conduct disorder
``` aggression lying thieving destruction rule-breaking ```
29
how may conduct disorder be trated
time outs to suppress undesirable bhvrs | remove them until approp bhvr
30
what is ADHD
persistent pattern of inattentional bhvr, hyperactivity, or impulsivity far in excess in children at comparable levels of development
31
ADHD has a 66% comorbidity rate with what
learning/sleep/anxiety/oppositional defiant disorder
32
ADHD is what % heritable
6-91 but could be GxE. e.g. parents have then they create env
33
what physiological differences do ppl w ADHD have
less grey and white matter, less cortical thickness, less structurally mature
34
what social and familia stressors contribute to ADHD
poverty, poor parenting, marital disruption
35
Rousseau believed what
we have innate moral capacities, and society corrupts
36
Golding believed what
society reins in bad impulses
37
what is stage 1 of Piaget involving children up to 4yrs
no explicit awareness of rules or use of moral principles, and justice doesn't exist to them
38
what is stage 2 of Piaget involving 4-10yr olds
rules unchanging and external, judgements of responsibility based on act's consequences than intentions, no sense of what punishment is approp for what transgression
39
what is stage 3 of Piaget involving children 10yrs+
rules are agreements which can change if all agree, judgements of rest based partly on intentions, punishment must match degree of transgression
40
why did Piaget say children fail moral reasoning
young children have difficulties understanding intentions and children aren't good at integrating sources of information
41
what is a Piaget paradigm
can have -ive intention w little damage and not have a -ive intention but lots of damage
42
what is Kohlberg's preconventional morality stage 1 for 2-10 y/os
orientated in obedience and punishment, moral judgements drive by needing to avoid punishment
43
what is Kohlberg's preconventional morality stage 2 for 2-10 y/os
orientated in instrumental-relativist, moral judgements driven by desire to meet personal needs
44
what is Kohlberg's conventional morality stage 3 for 9-12 y/os
orientated by good girl/boy, judgements driven by needing acceptance by others as good
45
what is Kohlberg's conventional morality stage 4 for 9-12 y/os
orientated on law and order, driven by desire to adhere to law and authorities
46
what is Kohlberg's postconventional morality stage 5 for 12+ y/os
orientated in social contract, moral judgements arise from adhering to laws set up as social contracts for common good
47
what is Kohlberg's postconventional morality stage 6 for 12+ y/os
principled conscience-driven orientation, moral judgements arise from sticking to personal principles
48
Kohlberg limitations
vague, inconsistent, no cross-cultural validity, gender biased
49
what is preconventional morality due to
basic needs and drives
50
what is conventional morality due to
conforming to expected roles and pleasing others
51
what's postconventional morality due to
abstract principles transcending from individual circumstances and local cultural contexts
52
what is Gillian's theory of moral development
females become moral thinkers faster; females centre over relationships and males centre over individual rights
53
what is Gillian's preconventional stage
individual survival only matters
54
what is Gillian's conventional stage
self-sacrifice is good in its own right, driven by care for others
55
what is Gillian's postconventional stage
care about others and self-integreated
56
punishment is seen to instil what
a sense of morality but its severity doesn;t always deter ASB
57
primary psychopathy is due to what
biology, born that way, amygdala and hippocampus function differently
58
secondary psychopathy is due to what
environmentally mediated, anxiety is the specifier, adversity, grow callous and unremorseful, child maltreatment, bullied by peers
59
a study showed what about secondary psychopathy
higher anxiety means higher family adversity and prenatal maternal psychopathology, more conduct disorder, ADHD, more emotional difficulties
60
secondary psychopaths have what disorders
anxiety, depression, exposed to higher prenatal adversity
61
primary and secondary psychopaths are equally low in what
reciprocity
62
typical psychopathic characteristics
lack remorse, guilt, and empathy, egocentric, shallow, deceitful, don't feel emotion but act like they do, know right from wrong

Development (5 decks)

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