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ECU Brain, Language and Aphasia > 1 - Intro to Stroke Syndromes > Flashcards

1 - Intro to Stroke Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stroke?

What is the technical term?

A

Generic term for brain damage caused by vascular disruptions (loss of blood supply or bleeding).

A more technical term is cerebral vascular accident (CVA).

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2
Q

What are the stroke warning signs?

5

A
  • Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg.
  • Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.
  • Sudden trouble walking, dizziness or loss of balance or coordination.
  • Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes.
  • Sudden severe headache with no known cause.
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3
Q

What does FAST stand for?

A
  • Facial drooping
  • Arm weakness
  • Speech difficulties
  • Time
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4
Q

How many people every year have a stroke in the United States?

A

795,000 people

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5
Q

How many people every year have a new stroke in the United States?

A

610,000 people

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6
Q

How many of yearly strokes are with people who have already had a stroke? (2)

A

185,000 people

Nearly one in four

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7
Q

Ischemic strokes make up what percent of total strokes?

A

87%

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8
Q

What are ischemic strokes?

A

When blood flow to the brain is blocked

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9
Q

How many Americans die yearly because of strokes? (2)

A

130,000 people

1 out of every 19 deaths

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10
Q

On average, one American dies from stroke every ______ ___________.

A

four minutes

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11
Q

What is the leading cause of serious long-term disability?

A

Stroke

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12
Q

Every ______ seconds someone has a stroke.

A

forty

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13
Q

How many more women than men have strokes?

A

55,000

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14
Q

When are men’s incidence rates greater?

A

Incidence rates are greater at younger ages but not older

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15
Q

What is the male-to-female ratio between the ages of 55-64?

A

1 to1.25

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16
Q

What is the prevalence of survivors for stroke?

A

1.5 - 2.0 million survivors (some report 3.0 million)

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17
Q

what are the percentages of people that have a history of stroke (by gender) according to the CDC in 2005?

A
  • 2.7% of men and 2.5% of women greater or equal to the age of 18.
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18
Q

What is the prevalence of strokes according to racial heritage?

(6)

A
  • 2.3% NHW
  • 4.0% NHB
  • 1.6% Asian Pacific Islander
  • 2.6% Hispanic
  • 6.0% American Indian/ Alaska Native
  • 4.6% multiracial
19
Q

Every _______ minutes someone dies of stroke

A

three

20
Q

Stroke accounts for how many deaths in the U.S.?

A

1 of every 17 deaths

21
Q

What rank does stroke have among all causes of death?

A

third

22
Q

What eastern states are part of the stroke buckle?

A

NC, SC, and GA

23
Q

NC, SC, and GA are part of the ___________ state region of the stroke belt.

A

8-12

24
Q

What was the direct and indirect cost of stroke in 2010?

A

$36.5 billion

25
Q

What was the estimated direct medical cost of stroke for 2010?

A

$20.6 billion

26
Q

What does the direct medical cost include?

A

This includes hospital outpatient or office-based provider visits, hospital inpatient stays, ED visits, prescribed medicines, and home health care

27
Q

The total cost of stroke from 2005 -2015 (in 2005 dollars) is projected to be ____________ for non-Hispanic whites, ________ for Hispanics and __________ for non-Hispanic blacks.

A
  • $1.52 trillion
  • $313 billion
  • $379 billion
28
Q

The per capita cost of stroke is highest among what race?

A

Blacks ($25,782)

29
Q

What is expected to be the highest cost contributors for each race group?

A

loss of earnings

30
Q

What are the risk factors for strokes?

13

A
  • Atherosclerosis
  • Heart Disease
  • Age
  • High Cholesterol
  • Cancer
  • Heredity
  • Alcohol Use
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • Obesity (BMI)
  • Physical Inactivity
  • Amphetamines
31
Q

What does TIA stand for?

A

Transient Ischemic attack

32
Q

In regards to a TIA, when do symptoms resolve?

A

Symptoms resolve within an hour, or maximum 24 hours

33
Q

What kind of stroke is TIA considered to be?

A

Mini or brief stroke

34
Q

How are TIAs managed?

A

The same as ischemic strokes

35
Q

What is the approximate percentage of TIA patients that fail to report it?

A

50%

36
Q

How many TIA patients die within a year?

A

25%

37
Q

What is the risk of a stroke 2 days after TIA?

A

3.5%

38
Q

What is the risk of a stroke 30 days after TIA?

A

8.0%

39
Q

What is the risk of a stroke 90 days after TIA?

A

9.2%

40
Q

Risk of stroke are highly ______________ across studies.

A

heterogenous

41
Q

What two racial groups have 2-3X risk for first stroke compared to whites?

A
  • African Americans

- Hispanic Americans

42
Q

What is the incidence per 100,000 for first stroke for black men?

White men?

Black women?

White women?

A

Black men = 6.6

White men = 3.6

Black women = 4.8

White women = 2.3

43
Q

What racial group has a higher stroke recurrence than non-Hispanic white Americans?

A

Hispanics

ECU Brain, Language and Aphasia (11 decks)

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