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ECU Brain, Language and Aphasia > 8.5 - Aphasia Treatment Models vs. Treatment Approaches vs. Treatment Techniques > Flashcards

8.5 - Aphasia Treatment Models vs. Treatment Approaches vs. Treatment Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Stimulation-Facilitation Model of Aphasia Treatment target?

A

Auditory Processing Deficit

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2
Q

What is performed in the Stimulation-Facilitation Model of Aphasia Treatment?

(5)

A

Intensive auditory stimulation

Meaningful varied material

Repetitive sensory stimulation

Elicited not forced responses

Stimulation not correction

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3
Q

What does the Modality Model aphasia treatment model target?

A

Uni or Multi-modality deficit

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4
Q

What is performed in the Modality Model aphasia treatment model?

(2)

A

Remediate input and output modalities, singly or in combination

Pair weak with strong modalities to “deblock” impaired performances

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5
Q

What does the Linguistic Model aphasia treatment model target?

A

Selective deficit in language system or subsystems

i.e., Phonology, lexical-semantics, morphosyntax

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6
Q

What is performed in the Linguistic Model aphasia treatment model?

A

Restoring language performance by organizing stimuli according to linguistic system and linguistic complexity

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7
Q

What does the Processing Model aphasia treatment model target?

A

Aphasia reflects the product of spared language in response to impaired modules or impaired
relational processes and/or in the “executor” that allocates attentional resources to modules and processes

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8
Q

What is performed in the Processing Model aphasia treatment model target?

A

Restoring or compensating for language-specific and language-related processing deficit

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9
Q

What is the Minor Hemisphere Mediation Model?

A

Using one’s minor hemisphere abilities to mediate communication through use of imagery, drawing, melody, contextually rich stimuli, novel stimuli, humor

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10
Q

What is the Language Dominant Hemisphere specialize in?

A

Sequential, linguistic information processing

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11
Q

What is the Language Non-Dominant Hemisphere specialize in?

3

A

Visual-spatial skills

Holistic, melodic, contextual processing

Novel stimuli

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12
Q

What does it mean if the Minor Hemisphere Mediation Model is correct?

A

Treatment should be designed to…

- Capitalize on spared abilities    - Activate minor hemisphere abilities (drawing, melody, context, humor)
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13
Q

What is the purpose of the Functional Communication Model?

4

A

To facilitate more normal communication

Emphasizing pragmatic function over linguistic form

Enhancing inter-modality flexibility

Establish strategies for circumventing and/or repairing communication breakdowns

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14
Q

What areas does treatment focus on in the Functional Communication Model?

(4)

A

The specific tasks the patient wants/needs to achieve

Calling 911

Naming family members

Answering “yes” and “no”

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15
Q

What is the purpose of Response Elaboration Training (RET)?

What does it enhance?

A

To increase MLU in confluent patients by capitalizing on preserved oral repetition (“house” -> “big house” -> “live in big house”)

Initiation ability

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16
Q

What does Promoting Aphasics’ Communicative Effectiveness (PACE) use?

What does it emphasize?

A

All channels of communication (verbal, gestural, writing)

Content over form

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17
Q

How do the clinician and clients interact in Promoting Aphasics’ Communicative Effectiveness (PACE)?

(2)

A

Pt. + clinician simulate conversation interactions (message sending- receiving)

Pt. + clinician participate equally as senders and receivers of messages

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18
Q

What is the Life Participation Approach?

A

A consumer-driven service-delivery approach

Supports individuals with aphasia and others affected by it in achieving their immediate and longer term life goals

(Note that “approach” refers here to a general philosophy and model of service delivery, rather than to a specific clinical approach)

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19
Q

What is the emphasis of the Life Participation Approach?

A

Broadening and refocusing of clinical practice and research on the consequences of aphasia.

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20
Q

What is the focus of the Life Participation Approach?

How long does it last?

A

Re-engagement in life

Begins with initial assessment and intervention, and continuing, after hospital discharge, until the consumer no longer elects to have communication support.

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21
Q

What is the goal of the Social Approach to aphasia?

A

To promote membership in a society and participation in personally relevant activities by those with aphasia

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22
Q

What approach is the Social Approach to aphasia consistent with?

A

The Life Participation Approach

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23
Q

Social Approach to Aphasia moves from ______ model (problem with individual) to _______ model where problems emerge from interaction between individual and the environment.

A

Medical

Social

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24
Q

What are the principles of the Social Approach to aphasia?

9

A

Dual Goals of Transaction + Interaction

Address Communication Within an Authentic Contex

Communication as Dynamic, Flexible, + Multidimensional

Communication as Collaborative

Focus on Natural Interaction: Conversation

Focus on Adaptations and Enablement Rather Than Impairment + Disability

Focus on Personal and Social Consequences

The Perspective of Those Affected by Aphasia

Qualitative as well as Quantitative Measures

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25
Q

What are the five benefits of the Social Approach to aphasia?

A

Enhancing communication

Increasing participation in events

Providing support systems

Increasing confidence and positive identity

Promoting advocacy

26
Q

What was Language Oriented Treatment designed to address?

A

A range of language issues among individuals with aphasia.

27
Q

Language Oriented Treatment approach is highly _______ and offers important ______ with regard to treatment replication.

A

Structured

Advantages

28
Q

What are the treatment targets for receptive deficits in Language Oriented Treatment?

(3)

A

Improving discrimination of speech sounds

Improving access to word meanings

Changing the individual’s communication environment to support auditory comprehension

29
Q

What are the treatment targets for expressive deficits in Language Oriented Treatment?

(3)

A

Semantic processing (e.g., semantic cueing, semantic judgments, categorization and word-to- picture matching)

Accessing phonological word forms such as phonemic cueing

Cueing spoken output with written letters, repetition and reading aloud

30
Q

How are activities presented in Language Oriented Treatment?

Why?

A

In increasing order of difficulty

It facilitate improvement and minimize frustration.

31
Q

How are stimuli presented in Language Oriented Treatment?

4

A

In blocks of 10 items

70% achievement on two blocks of items is required to move to the next level of difficulty.

When 70% is not achieved, the clinician repeats the block with the patient.

The difficulty of specific tasks are decreased to a lower level of difficulty if the patient cannot achieve the 70% criterion

32
Q

Individuals with aphasia often use the _______ that is accessible to them with the least amount of effort. __________ supresses these strategies and emphasizes ______ communication.

A

Communication channel

Constraint Induced Language Therapy

Verbal

33
Q

What does Constraint Induced Language Therapy emphasize?

A

The interaction between patient and clinician in natural communication situations

34
Q

What does Constraint Induced Language Therapy NOT focus on?

A

Linguistic “code”

35
Q

What sorts of goals are targeted in Constraint Induced Language Therapy?

(4)

A

Topic maintenance

Discourse

Problem management

Discourse roles

36
Q

How are pragmatic treatment goals addressed in Constraint Induced Language Therapy?

A

In conjunction w/linguistic therapy

37
Q

What are the benefits of Constraint Induced Language Therapy?

(3)

A

Therapy materials are relevant

Carry-over is emphasized

Strategies are practical

38
Q

What is Computerized Applications in Aphasia Treatment?

What do they designed to address?

A

The use of computers and software to improve communication in individuals with aphasia

Multiple language modalities

39
Q

What does Computerized Applications in Aphasia Treatment allow for?

A

Independent practice

40
Q

Why is Computerized Applications in Aphasia Treatment limited in nature?

A

The static nature of interaction

Many programs have moved to IOS platforms

41
Q

What are the benefits of Group Therapy for Aphasia?

7

A

Initiate various forms of communicative acts

Practice communication skills learned in therapy

Engage in turn taking

Maintain good communication and social pragmatic skills

Interact with a variety of communicative partners

Learn practical information from others who are more experienced in living with aphasia

Receive and offer psychological and emotional support

42
Q

What are six treatment techniques for Aphasia?

A

Sentence Production Program for Aphasia

Melodic Intonation Therapy

Voluntary Control of Involuntary Utterances

Treating Aphasic Perseveration

Visual Action Therapy

Script Training

43
Q

What is the goal of the Sentence Production Program for Aphasia?

A

Improving the ability of nonfluent individuals with aphasia who demonstrate agrammatism to make statements and requests, ask questions, and converse

44
Q

Who is a candidate for the Sentence Production Program for Aphasia?

(4)

A

Agrammatic spontaneous speech output

Good single-word auditory comprehension

Fair to good comprehension of sentences and paragraphs

Good attention and memory span

45
Q

What is the Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT)?

2

A

Hierarchical structured program to stimulate speech production

Capitalizes on R hemisphere in processing intonational contours of spoken sentences

46
Q

What does Melodic Intonation Therapy begin with?

What does it progress to?

A

Multisyllabic words and short phrases matched w/sequences of tones (tonal sequences lacking musical rhytmn)

Longer and more complex sentences which are gradually produced normally

47
Q

Who is a candidate for Melodic Intonation Therapy?

5

A

Dominant hemisphere stroke

Poorly articulated, nonfluent output, maybe limited to stereotypy

Some comprehension skills

Poor repetition skills, facilitated
by superimposed tones

Well motivated w/good attention

48
Q

What are the five techniques used in Melodic Intonation Therapy?

A

Clinician

Person with Aphasia

Hand Tapping

Back Up

Unison

49
Q

What is Voluntary Control of Involuntary Utterances (VCIU) designed to improve?

A

Volitional speech production in severely aphasic patients whose speech is limited to stereotypic productions

50
Q

What is the goal of Voluntary Control of Involuntary Utterances (VCIU)?

A

To take what the patient produce involuntarily and bring it under voluntary control

51
Q

Who is a good candidate for Voluntary Control of Involuntary Utterances (VCIU)?

(3)

A

Severely limited speech w/only a few real words

Can match words correctly to pictured objects and actions

Some oral reading even if inconsistent

52
Q

Why was Treating Aphasic Perseveration (TAP) developed?

A

For aphasic patients who have at least moderate degree of perseveration with confrontational naming tasks

53
Q

What is the Premise of Treating Aphasic Perseveration (TAP)?

A

“Deblocking” language ability by decreasing perseverative behavior

54
Q

Who is a candidate for Treating Aphasic Perseveration (TAP)?

3

A

Moderate-severe degree of perseveration in confrontation naming tasks

Some comprehension skills

Alert and motivated

55
Q

Why was Visual Action Therapy (VAT) designed?

A

To establish symbolic representation as precursor to communication

56
Q

What is the Visual Action Therapy (VAT)?

A

A hierarchical approach beginning w/tracing objects, matching objects to pictures, imitating gestures and finally producing gestures to communicate regarding hidden pictures

57
Q

Who is a good candidate for Visual Action Therapy (VAT)?

5

A

L hemisphere strokes

Severely restricted expression of spoken and written language

Severely restricted comprehension of spoken and written language

Alert and cooperative

Moderate to severe limb apraxia

58
Q

What is Script Training?

A

Intervention for individuals with aphasia that emphasize the use of dialogues or monologues that are learned verbatim.

59
Q

What is the goal of Script Training?

A

That the individual with aphasia achieves “islands of automatic speech” that can then be produced fluently in real life situations

60
Q

What is the purpose of Script Training?

A

To achieve automatic production via repeated practice of large and meaningful units

61
Q

How do individuals with aphasia move through in Script Training?

A

Script lines using a hierarchy of repetition, choral reading, and independent production

62
Q

Can script training be practiced independently?

A

Yes

ECU Brain, Language and Aphasia (11 decks)

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