Flashcards in 1: Medical Math: Sources of Drugs (1) Deck (22):
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What are the sources of drugs?
Natural
Semisynthetic
Synthetic
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What is included in the natural sources of drugs?
Minerals
Animal
Plant
Bacteria
Fungi
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What are the active ingredients in plants as a source of drugs?
Alkaloids
Glycosides
Resins
Gums
Tannins
Fixed oils
Volatile oils
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Describe Alkaloids
basic nitrogenous substances that are insoluble in water and end in -ine.
their salts are soluble in water.
have a bitter taste.
can be precipitated by acids.
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What are some examples of Alkaloids?
Atropine
Morphine
Pilocarpine
Physostigmine
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Describe Glycosides
Sugars combined with other organic structures (aglycone or genin).
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What are some examples of Glycosides?
Digitalis glycosides (digoxin, digitoxin, ouabain)
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Describe Resins
Substances formed by polymerization of volatile oils.
are weak and can break easily.
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Describe Gums
Polysaccharides secreted by certain trees.
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What are some examples of Gums?
Acacia
Tragacanth
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Describe Tannins
Non nitrogenous plant constituents that produce astringent effect (precipitate proteins)
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Describe Fixed Oils
Stable oils and they will not evaporate when exposed to air.
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What are some examples of Fixed Oils?
Cottonseed oil
castor oil
linseed oil
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Describe Volatile Oils
Will evaporate readily when exposed to air.
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What are some examples of Volatile Oils?
Peppermint oil
turpentine oil
Oil of clove
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What are examples of Animal sources of drugs?
Blood
Plasma
Hormones
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What are examples of drugs from fungi?
Antibiotics
such as: penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, polymyxins
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What are examples of drugs from bacteria?
Antibiotics
such as: bacitracin
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What sources do Semisynthetic drugs come from?
from natural sources and chemically treated.
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What are some examples of Semisynthetic drugs?
amoxicillin
apomorphine
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Describe Synthetic drugs
highly purified substances prepared synthetically.
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