1. Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What is neuroanatomy?

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the nervous system

Question 2

What is neurophysiology?

Answer 2

The study of functions and activities of the nervous system

Question 3

What is in the central nervous system?

Answer 3

Brain and spinal cord

Question 4

What is in our peripheral nervous system?

Answer 4

Automatic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Question 5

What is our automatic nervous system?

Answer 5

it communicates with internal organs and glands

Question 6

What are the two elements of our automatic nervous system?

Answer 6

Sympathetic (arousal) and parasympathetic (calming)

Question 7

What is the sympathetic division responsible for?

Answer 7

fight or flight- responding to stressors and mobilising energy

Question 8

What is the parasympathetic division responsible for?

Answer 8

preparing to relax- peaceful and restful state, conserving energy

Question 9

What is our somatic nervous system?

Answer 9

it communicates with sense organs and voluntary muscles

Question 10

What are the two elements of our somatic nervous system?

Answer 10

Sensory input and motor output

Question 11

What is sensory input also known as?

Answer 11

afferent

Question 12

What is motor output also known? as?

Answer 12

efferent

Question 13

What is the neuraxis?

Answer 13

the direction in which the CNS lies in relation to the spinal cord

Question 14

Which direction is medial?

Answer 14

Towards the midline

Question 15

Which direction is lateral?

Answer 15

Away from the midline

Question 16

Which direction is bilateral?

Answer 16

On both sides of the body/head

Question 17

Which direction is dorsal?

Answer 17

Back of body/top of head

Question 18

Which direction is ventral?

Answer 18

Front of body/bottom of head

Question 19

Which direction is rostral?

Answer 19

Towards nose

Question 20

Which direction is caudal?

Answer 20

Towards feet

Question 21

Which direction is slicing coronal?

Answer 21

Front to back

Question 22

Which direction is slicing sagittal?

Answer 22

Vertical slice

Question 23

Which direction is slicing horizontal?

Answer 23

Top to bottom

Question 24

Which direction is slicing cross-sectionally?

Answer 24

Taken at a right angle

Question 25

What is the meninges?

Answer 25

three protective layers which protect the brain and spinal cord- semi-permeable membrane

Question 26

What are the three layers called?

Answer 26

Dura mater, arachnoid membrane and the subarachnoid space

Question 27

What is cerebral spinal fluid?

Answer 27

Fluid that fills the subarachnoid space, spinal cord and ventricles

Question 28

What does cerebral spinal fluid do?

Answer 28

Provides cushioning and support for the brain

Question 29

What is the Blood-Brain barrier?

Answer 29

A semi-permeable membrane separating blood from cerebralspinal fluid

Question 30

What does the BBB do?

Answer 30

Prevents toxins entering the brain from the bloodstream

Question 31

Where is the Myelencephalon (medulla)?

Answer 31

Hindbrain

Question 32

What is the medulla responsible for?

Answer 32

Sleep, attention, cardiac and respiratory reflexes

Question 33

Where is the Metencephalon?

Answer 33

Hindbrain

Question 34

What structures are in the Metencephalon?

Answer 34

Pons and Cerebellum

Question 35

What is the Metencephalon are responsible for?

Answer 35

Motor control, decision making, language

Question 36

Where is the Mesencephalon?

Answer 36

Midbrain

Question 37

What are some structures responsible for in the Mesencephalon?

Answer 37

Auditory functions, visual-motor function, sensory motor system

Question 38

What is the periaqueductal gray (in the Mesencephalon) responsible for?

Answer 38

Pain inhibition - Regulations of heart rate - Defensive and fearful reactions

Question 39

Where is the Diencephalon?

Answer 39

Forebrain

Question 40

What are some structures in the Diencephalon area?

Answer 40

Hypothalamus and thalamus

Question 41

What are the hypothalamus and thalamus (in the Diencephalon area) responsible for?

Answer 41

hypothalamus- motivated behaviours (eat, sleep, sex) thalamus- sensory signals to prepare motor signals in cerebral cortex (sleep, consciousness)

Question 42

Where is the Telencephalon?

Answer 42

Forebrain

Question 43

What is in the Telencephalon area?

Answer 43

everything else

Question 44

What happens in the telencephalon area?

Answer 44

Mediates most of the brains complex functions e.g. movement, sensory input, cognitive processes

Question 45

What is the cerebral cortex?

Answer 45

The outermost layer of the cerebrum

Question 46

What are the large and small convolutions in the cerebral cortex called?

Answer 46

Large- fissures Small- Sulci

Question 47

What does the cerebral cortex contain?

Answer 47

neocortex, hippocampus, limbic system, basal ganglia

Question 48

What is the hippocampus responsible for?

Answer 48

Memory- autobiographical, spatial and locational

Question 49

What is the limbic system responsible for?

Answer 49

Motivating behaviour contains the hippocampus, amygdala, fornix...

Question 50

What is the neocortex?

Answer 50

Largest part of the cerebral cortex with 6 layers, divided into 4 lobes

Question 51

What is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 51

Motor cortex and complex cognitive functions

Question 52

What is the parietal lobe responsible for?

Answer 52

somatic sensations, orientation and location of objects

Question 53

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 53

Hearing, language, memory

Question 54

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 54

Visual processing