9. Sleep Flashcards
(36 cards)
What is our brain wave. breathing and heart rate like when awake?
They are variable
What about when we are asleep?
They become regular
How does an EEG measure sleep activity?
Electrodes attached to the scalp
How does an EMG measure sleep activity?
Electrodes attached to chin, monitor muscle activity
How does an EOG measure sleep activity?
Monitors eye movement
What waves are detected when we are awake?
Beta
What waves are detected when we are asleep?
Alpha
What are waves like in stage 1 of sleep?
Slow waves with low-voltage but a high frequency
What hallucinations occur in stage 1 of sleep?
Hypnagogic- vivid and frightening episodes of hearing or seeing as we fall asleep
What happens in stage 2 of sleep?
Increase in theta wave activity
This is interrupted by brief bursts of activity known as sleep spindles (important for learning and memory)
What is a k-complex in stage 2?
A large negative wave followed by a single positive wave- may occur in response to environmental stimuli
What happens in stage 3 of sleep?
Deep slow theta waves- occasional prescence of delta waves
What happens in stage 4 of sleep?
Predominance of delta waves
What happens throughout the night?
Spent going round the stages, each cycle is around 90 mins long
Most time spent in stage 1
What happens in REM sleep?
High brain activity
Lack of muscle tone
80% of dreams occur from REM sleep (stages 2-4)
Does the amount of REM sleep change with age?
No
but NREM sleep declines continuously (elderly individuals show a decrease in slow-wave sleep)
What is the recuperation theory in why we sleep?
Being awake disrupts homeostasis of the body and sleep is required to restore it
What is the adaptation theory in why we sleep?
It’s a result of a 24-hour timing mechanism
Humans have evolved to sleep at night because sleep protects us from accidents that happen during the night
What symptoms occur when we don’t sleep?
Tiredness, irritability, blurred vision, lack of impulse control and patience
What happened in Kleiman, 1963 with their sleep-deprived students?
They read and studied with little difficults after 3 am and were alert as long as they remained active but night reading was impossible
What happened in the case of Randy Gardner?
Set a world record staying up for 11 days, then slept for 14 hours, and didn’t need to catch up on sleep anymore
What are some problems with sleep research?
Sleep deprivation does not interfere with the ability to perform physical excersise- so it seems the primary role of sleep is not to rest and recuperate
What could REM sleep be important for?
Memory consolidation
Why do we dream?
Freud
- Triggered by unacceptable repressed wishes
-Manifest and latent content
