2. Brain cells

Question 1

What is the cell body?

Answer 1

contains nucleus and major organelles

Question 2

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

Contains nissi granules, proteins, neurofilaments and neurotubules

Question 3

What are dendrites?

Answer 3

Receive info from other neurons between different neurons

Question 4

What is the axon?

Answer 4

Where the nerve impulse travels down

Question 5

What is the axon hillock?

Answer 5

Where the cell body tapers

Question 6

What is the myelin sheath?

Answer 6

insulation and prevents the impulse leaving the axon, improves conduction

Question 7

What are the nodes of ranvier?

Answer 7

Allow nerve impulses down, jumping conduction, important in action potential

Question 8

What is the axon terminal?

Answer 8

where info is transmitted from one cell to the next

Question 9

What is the axodentric junction?

Answer 9

Where two neurons meet

Question 10

What is morphology?

Answer 10

A way of classifying neurons based on the number of neuronal processes (bits that stick out of the cell)

Question 11

Where are Unipolar neurons found?

Answer 11

In invertebrates

Question 12

How many branches does a Unipolar neuron have?

Answer 12

two axonal branches- one to the periphery, other to spinal cord

Question 13

What type of neurons are unipolar?

Answer 13

sensory neurons

Question 14

What does a bipolar neuron mean?

Answer 14

One axon, one dendrite

Question 15

What does a multipolar neuron mean?

Answer 15

Several dendrites, one axon

Question 16

What are the two classifications of Multipolar neurons based on length?

Answer 16

Golgi 1- long axons
Golgi 11- short axons

Question 17

How are neurons important in sensation?

Answer 17

They signal danger or pain by sending info from the senses

Question 18

How are neurons important in integration?

Answer 18

They help us process all the info gathered and take action

Question 19

How are neurons important in action?

Answer 19

They send appropriate signals to affectors (muscles and glands) and the withdrawal reflex (evolutionary)

Question 20

What are the three kinds of functional classification for neurons?

Answer 20

Toward, within or away from the CNS

Question 21

What neurons are towards the CNS?

Answer 21

sensory or afferent neurons

Question 22

What neurons are within the CNS?

Answer 22

interneurons or multipolar neurons

Question 23

What neurons are away from the CNS?

Answer 23

motor neurons or efferent neurons

Question 24

What is the endoplasmic reticulum found in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 24

A membrane enclosed passageway for transporting materials

Question 25

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 25

It receives vesicles of proteins which are transformed into forms the cell can use by folding them into usable shapes or adding other materials

Question 26

What is the resting membrane potential?

Answer 26

The electrical charge across the cell membrane- neurons are polarised at rest

Question 27

What does the membrane do to maintain polarisation in the neuron?

Answer 27

It controls the environment within and around the neuron

Question 28

How does being selectively permeable control polarisation?

Answer 28

It allows some things in and not others

Question 29

What is the membrane partly a result of?

Answer 29

A balance between two opposing forces

Question 30

What is diffusion?

Answer 30

Molecules distributing themselves evenly through the medium in which they are dissolved

Question 31

What is electrostatic pressure?

Answer 31

A force exerted by attraction or repulsion between charged molecules

Question 32

What is the membrane?

Answer 32

Barrier that provides cell integrity

Question 33

What is the lipid billayer?

Answer 33

Allows for selective permeability

Question 34

What do molecules in the membrane decide?

Answer 34

The selectivity of its permeability

Question 35

What do proteins in the membrane provide?

Answer 35

Transport

Question 36

What are two examples of two protein channels in the membrane?

Answer 36

Potassium leak channel (passive) Ion pumps (active channel)

Question 37

What does cholesterol provide in the membrane?

Answer 37

Rigidity

Question 38

What does the Sodium-potassium pump do?

Answer 38

Maintains balance and is an active channel using energy whilst we are at rest

Question 39

What are Glial cells?

Answer 39

They provide support and protection to neurons

Question 40

How do glial cells help in supporting neuron mobility?

Answer 40

Support migration and communication of information

Question 41

How do glial cells physically support neurons?

Answer 41

Provide nutrition

Question 42

How do glial cells help in neuron cleaning?

Answer 42

They clear waste and contribute to 'pruning'

Question 43

What are astrocyte glial cells function?

Answer 43

Nourishment, support and guidance, clean and protect May have a role in intelligence

Question 44

What are oligodendrocyte and Schwann glial cells function?

Answer 44

Provide mylein to insulate and speed up process of electrical signalling

Question 45

What is the function of microglia?

Answer 45

Main form of immune defense and synaptic pruning Could play a role in alzheimer's