1. Organization-Wide Conciderations

Question 1

Walter A. Shewhart

Answer 1

-Father of modern quality control
-Control Chart

Question 2

W. Edward Deming

Answer 2

-Third wave of the Industrial Revolution
-Founded ASQ
-14 points management structure and attitudes change

Question 3

Joseph M. Juran

Answer 3

Juran Trilogy
1. Quality Planning
2. Quality Control
3. Quality Improvement

Question 4

Philip B. Crosby

Answer 4

-Zero defects
-Quality as conformance to requirements
-14 steps to quality improvement

Question 5

Armand V. Feigenbaum

Answer 5

-Total Quality Control
-Quality Cost
-3 Step to Quality:
1. Quality leadership
2. Modern quality technology
3. Organizational commitment

Question 6

Kaoru Ishikawa

Answer 6

-Quality Circle
-Cause-and-Effect Diagram

Question 7

Genici Taguchi

Answer 7

-Fractional factorial experiments
-Quality loss function
-Concept of Robustness

Question 8

Dorian Shainin

Answer 8

-Shainin Techniques
-Statistical Engineering Discipline

Question 9

Some approaches to qaulity over the years
P. 10

Answer 9

-Quality Circle (1979-1981)
-Statistical Process Control (Mid-1980s)
-ISO 9000 (1987-Present)
-Reengineering (1996-1997)
-Benchmarking (1988-1996)
-Balanced Scorecard (1990-Present)
-Six Sigma (1995-Present)
-Lean (2000-Present)
-Lean Six Sigma (2002-Present)

Question 10

Six Sigma Philosophy
P. 11

Answer 10

-Use of teams that are assigned well-defined projects that have direct impact on the bottom line.

-Training in statistical thinking at all levels, and providing key people with training in advanced statistics and project management “Black Belt”.

-Emphasis on the DMAIC approach to problem solving

-A management environment that supports these initiatives as a business strategy.

Question 11

Six Sigma Definition
P. 13

Answer 11

Lean Six Sigma is a fact-based, data-driven philosophy of improvement that values DEFECT PREVENTION over defect detection. It drives customer satisfaction and bottom-line results by reducing variation, waste, and cycle time while promoting the use of work standardization and flow, thereby, creating a competitive advantage. it applies anywhere variation and waste exits, and every employee should be involved.

Question 12

Lean
P. 12

Answer 12

A systematic approach to identify and eliminating waste through continuous improvement by flowing the product at the pull of the customer in pursuit of perfection.

-Teamwork
-Clean
-Flow System
-Pull System
-Reduced Lead Time

Question 13

Process
P. 16

Answer 13

A series of steps designed to produce products/ services. Often a diagram of flow chart.

Question 14

Business Systems
P. 18

Answer 14

System designed to implement a process or, more commonly, a set of processes.

Question 15

Strategic Planning
P. 19

Answer 15

-Study the current State
-Envision the ideal future state
-Plan the path

Question 16

Strategic Planning and Development for Initiatives
P. 19

Answer 16

-Porter’s Five Forces
-Portfolio Analysis
-Hoshin Kanri
-Feasibility Study
-Risk Analysis
-SWOT
-PEST
-Unintended Consequences (opportunity cost)
-Contingency Planning

Question 17

Michael Porter’s 5 Forces that affect the success of an enterprise
P. 19

Answer 17

1. The bargaining power of customers
2. The bargaining power of suppliers
3. The threat of new entrants
4. The threat of substitute products
5. the intensity of competitive rivalry

Question 18

Portfolio
P. 20

Answer 18

Process of determining which products to produce.

• Study Basic Principles involved
• Outline family of products
• List modules required for each product
• Form product matrix
• Study the matrix to determine which to build

Question 19

Hoshin Kanri 方針管理

Answer 19

Providing tools for stating organizational objectives so strategies are deployed and aligned both horizontally and vertically.

1. Statement or organizations’s goals
2. Formulation of strategies
3. Development of time-based tatics
4. Development of metrics that measures the progress
5. Assignment of accountability for strategies and tatics
6. Regular review to accesses the actual performance
7. Establishment of recovery plans, or the adjustment of strategies and tactics as necessary.

Question 20

Hoshin Kanri X-matrix (Policy Deployment Matrix)
P. 23

Answer 20

Objectives - Strategies - Tactics - Targets - Responsibility

Assign a letter to each linked activities. “A” represents the strongest support.

Question 21

Risk Analysis
P. 24

Answer 21

Expected profit = Profit x Probability

Sum total number of Positive / Negative Outcome

Question 22

PEST analysis
P. 27

Answer 22

Political
Economic
Social
Techonogical

Question 23

Contingency Planning
P. 28

Answer 23

-Crisis management
-Business continuity
-Asset security

Strategy:
1. Use cause-and-effect diagram
2. Prioritize the item
3. Plan (Reaction, Continuity)