1. Senses I: Light And Vision

Question 1

What is the tough outer coat that protects the entire eyeball

Answer 1

The sclera

Question 2

What contains blood vessels that nourish the inner eye

Answer 2

The choroid

Question 3

Light enters the eye through the

Answer 3

Cornea

Question 4

What is the function of the iris

Answer 4

To adjust the size of the pupil in order to control the amount of light entering

Question 5

The pupil decreases in size when exposed to

Answer 5

High intensity light

Question 6

The pupil increases in size when exposed to

Answer 6

Low intensity light

Question 7

The ability of the eye to focus on distant and nearby objects by changing the focal length is known as

Answer 7

Accommodation

Question 8

What prevents the the eye from collapsing due to changes in atmospheric pressure

Answer 8

Aqueous humor

Question 9

Retina contains what type of cells

Answer 9

Light sensitive cells

Question 10

What are the two types of light sensitive cells

Answer 10

Rod and cone cells

Question 11

Rod cells

Answer 11

Respond to light intensity

Question 12

Cone cells

Answer 12

Respond to Color of objects

Question 13

What is the location of most perception in the eye and is the area of sharpest vision

Answer 13

Fovea centralis (think central=focused)

Question 14

Where are a maximum number of cones present

Answer 14

Fovea (most are of Color perception the more Color perception= more cones present)

Question 15

When object is viewed it becomes ___ at the retina

Answer 15

Inverted

Question 16

After objects are inverted at retina an electrical signal is formed and then sent to the brain via the

Answer 16

Optic nerve

Question 17

The blind spot is known as the

Answer 17

Optic disk

Question 18

There are no rods or cones on the

Answer 18

Optic disk (insensitive to light)

Question 19

The optic nerve enters the eye at the

Answer 19

Optic disk

Question 20

When an individual is hit by a light beam the process goes

Answer 20

Posterior retina- photoreceptors- bipolar cells- innermost ganglion cells

Question 21

Those innermost ganglion cells generate

Answer 21

Action potentials

Question 22

The axons on those innermost ganglion cells weave together to form the

Answer 22

Optic nerve

Question 23

The second cranial nerve is the

Answer 23

Optic nerve

Question 24

The impulses from those action potentials generated by the ganglions are carried to the ___ via the optic nerve then into the ____ ___ ___

Answer 24

Thalamus, brain visual cortex

Question 25

The thalamus (limbic system) is located in the?
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain

Answer 25

Forebrain

Question 26

Function of thalamus

Answer 26

Gathers/relaying sensory signals like visual and pain perception

Question 27

The primary visual cortex of V1 is found in the

Answer 27

Occipital lobe (associated with visual processing and may receive these visual signals from the thalamus)

Question 28

2 types of light sensitive cells or in other words PHOTORECEPTORS

Answer 28

RODS AND CONES

Question 29

Peripheral vision is associated with the

Answer 29

Rods

Question 30

__ only hit their activation thresholds in bright conditions

Answer 30

Cones (less sensitive to light- takes a bright light)

Question 31

___ response time to stimuli is faster than __

Answer 31

Cones, rods

Question 32

3 types of cones

Answer 32

S (blue) M (green) L (red) cones

Question 33

S cones are sensitive to

Answer 33

Short-wavelength

Question 34

M cones are sensitive to

Answer 34

Medium-wavelength

Question 35

L cones are sensitive to

Answer 35

Long wavelength light.

Question 36

Humans have ___ vision

Answer 36

Trichromatic (unmutated- normal red green blue cone shades)

Question 37

The three cone pigments of blue green and red for detecting light have been shown to vary in their exact chemical composition due to a genetic mutation. This means

Answer 37

The shades may differ and those individuals will have cones with different Color sensitivity

Question 38

Colour blindedness is

Answer 38

Mostly inherited and rarely acquired

Question 39

Not being able to tell apart certain colours is

Answer 39

Colour blindness

Question 40

The most common colours confused in colourblind people are

Answer 40

Red and green (daltonism)

Question 41

The most usual form of colourblindness is known as

Answer 41

Daltonism

Question 42

Seeing red as grey is

Answer 42

Daltonism

Question 43

The most unusual form of colourblindness is known as

Answer 43

Monochromacy

Question 44

Monochromacy is when

Answer 44

People see the world in black and white (rare)

Question 45

Colourblindness is rarer in

Answer 45

Women

• this is due to genetics because men have 1 X chromosome and women have 2 X chromosomes- in women they have shot at not having the gene since one X chromosomes may have it and the other wont; therefore, overriding the mutation. However in men they either have it or don’t in that X chromosome and can’t override it since they only have one X chromosome or they don’t have it at all

Question 46

When 2 or more light sense cones don’t work this results in

Answer 46

Monochromacy (condition term: achromatopsia)

Question 47

People with four or more types of cones are known to have (RARE: only some verified reports)

Answer 47

Tetrachromatic vision

• almost always female
• more intense colour vision