Perception (incomplete)

Question 1

what is illusion

Answer 1

the effect of misinterpreting data

Question 2

what are the three types of illusion

Answer 2

Geometric illusion
Ambiguous figures
Fictitious percepts

Question 3

geometric illusion is when

Answer 3

the image displayed appears distorted

Question 4

give an example of a geometric illusion

Answer 4

“the ponzo illusion”

Question 5

when the top line looks longer than the bottom line but they are the same length this is an example of

Answer 5

geometric illusion “ponzo illusion”

Question 6

ambigious figures is when

Answer 6

the image can be seen in multiple ways

Question 7

An example of an ambigious figure is the

Answer 7

necker cube

Question 8

give another example of an ambigious figure

Answer 8

the dress test

Question 9

give another example of an ambigious figure

Answer 9

the duck/bunny, In reality both images can be seen. However, the brain tends to perceive first the image related to whichever cue hears first or whichever image is more familiar to.

Question 10

how does culture play a role into perception

Answer 10

if we dake the duck/bunny example and put a bunch of easter eggs next to it while easter is also in ones culture, the brain would more likely see the bunny not the duck

Question 11

fictitious percepts are

Answer 11

seeing something which is not actually there

Question 12

what allow us to see things as remaining the same even though their physical characteristics are constantly
changing.

Answer 12

visual constancies

Question 13

The ability to perceive the shape of an object as constant even if it appears to change through
movement is

Answer 13

shape constancy. For example we know an open door is still rectangular in shape even though from where we view it is distorted through perspective to color constancy.

Question 14

shape constancy is one of the forms of

Answer 14

visual constancies

Question 15

This is the ability to perceive the color of an object as constant even if it appears to change with changes in lighting for example, this is a form of

Answer 15

visual constancies

Question 16

there are _ forms of visual constancies

Answer 16

2

Question 17

our perceptual sense as much as our perceptions
are affected by what?

Answer 17

context
expectations
culture
previous experience
it is influenced by our emotions and motivations.

Question 18

-

Question 19

-

Question 20

-

Question 21

-

Question 22

the ___ rules are used for our minds to deal with stimuli by transforming it into something coherent.

Answer 22

gestalt rules

Question 23

what are the 4 gestalt rules

Answer 23

grouping
similarity
continuity
connectedness

Question 24

the image is an example of what gestalt rule

Answer 24

grouping

Question 25

The principle of ____ (a gestalt rules) states that things which share visual characteristics such as shape, size, color, texture, value or orientation will be seen as belonging together.

Answer 25

similarity

Question 26

the image is an example of which gestalt rule

Answer 26

similarity

Question 27

what gestalt rules says that there is a tendency of people organizing visual elements into
unified wholes.

Answer 27

continuity

Question 28

the image is an example of which gestalt rule

Answer 28

continuity

Question 29

the image is an example of which gestalt rule

Answer 29

connectedness

Question 30

the ability of our eyes and brain to add a third dimension or depth to everything we see is

Answer 30

Depth perception

Question 31

depth cues are what allow us to

Answer 31

add to this third dimension

Question 32

how many types of depth cues are there

Answer 32

5

Question 33

list the types of depth cues

Answer 33

1. Linear perspective.
2. Two heights in plane.
3. Relative Size.
4. Superimposition/Overlap.
5. Texture gradients

Question 34

When parallel lines appear to converge. Come together at a distant point, this is what type of perception

Answer 34

linear perception

Question 35

this image is an example of

Answer 35

linear perception

Question 36

If an image is higher to the eye it is often seen as
being further away than objects to the lower. This is

Answer 36

two heights in plane

Question 37

this image is

Answer 37

two heights in plane

Question 38

When we expect things to be the same size and they are not we interpret this as meaning that they are further away.

Answer 38

relative size

Question 39

the image is

Answer 39

relative size depth cue

Question 40

When we can’t see the whole of an object we assume that there is something in front of it allowing us to interpret it as further away this is

Answer 40

Superimposition/Overlap.

Question 41

what depth cue is it where we can see the details of objects that are close but the detail fades the further away it is

Answer 41

texture gradient

Question 42

What is The Constructivists Theory

Answer 42

This theory says that we construct our perception of the world based not only on what we see in front of us but also on our past experiences.This supports the idea of top-down processing. This is when perception mainly
has to do with what we expect to see. The notion of perceiving something based on expectation is called perceptual set.

Question 43

What are the two things that demonstrate perceptual set in processing

Answer 43

• expectations
• motivations

Question 44

example of expectations

Question 45

example of motivations

Question 46

what are the main criticisms of this theory

Answer 46

if perception is based on personal
experiences then,

(a) Why do we perceive things the same way?

(b) If perception requires experience, then how do we explain a newborn baby’s ability to perceive the world?

(c) The effects of illusions goes against the constructivist theory. For example if we use our experiences to build perception then why do we fall for the same illusions time and time again?

Question 47

the theory that states that perception is a result of bottom-up processing. This means that perception is immediate or direct is the

Answer 47

nativists theory

Question 48

We perceive the world as it is seen in front of us. It is not based on expectations or misinterpretation.
The role of the mind is simply to analyze the information coming in through our eyes. which theory is this

Answer 48

nativists theory

Question 49

what theory does this example relate to

Answer 49

nativists theory