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MED 104- Medical Psychology > 16. Adulthood > Flashcards

16. Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What separates Childhood from Adolescence?
A
  • puberty
    (hormonal changes)
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2
Q
  1. Is there a clear cut between Adulthood and Adolescence?
A
  • there is no clear hormonal cut between adulthood and adolescence
  • there are no large growth changes between adulthood and adolescence
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3
Q
  1. What are some examples of Adulthood activities?
A
  • Financial Independence
  • Marriage
  • Children
  • Establishing own households
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4
Q
  1. What are the two time divisions of Adulthood?
A
  1. Early Adulthood
  2. Middle Adulthood
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5
Q
  1. What is the age category of Early Adulthood?
A
  • approximately between 20 and 40 years
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6
Q
  1. What is the age category of Middle Adulthood?
A
  • approximately between 40 and 65 years
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7
Q
  1. Which age categories are titled as Emerging Adulthood?
A
  • 18 to 19 years
  • 20 to 23 years
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8
Q
  1. What is the legal definition of Adulthood?
A
  • a person who has reached the age at which they are
    considered responsible for their own actions
  • they are legally accountable for their own actions
  • this is referred to as the “age of majority”
    (this is age 18 in most cultures)
    (it can vary between the ages of 16 to 21)
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9
Q
  1. What is the Socio-Cultural definition of Adulthood?
A
  • it is based on what a culture views as the criteria for
    being an adult
  • this influences the definitions of adulthood
  • it becomes based on the individuals within a culture
  • this may or may not coincide with the legal definition
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10
Q
  1. What does Adult development refer to?
A
  • it refers to the changes that occur in the following
    domains of human life:
    - biological
    - psychological
    - interpersonal
  • they occur from the end of adolescence up until the
    end of life
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11
Q
  1. What can be said about the changes experienced during Adult Development?
A
  • they can be gradual or rapid
  • they can reflect positive or negative changes from the previous levels of functioning of an individual
  • they can also reflect no changes from the previous levels of functioning
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12
Q
  1. What kind of changes are experienced during Adult Development?
A
  • changes that occur at the cellular level
  • they can be partially explained by biological theories
    of adult development and ageing
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13
Q
  1. What do the biological changes of Adult Development infleunce?
A
  • they influence psychological developmental changes
  • they also influence developmental changes that are
    interpersonal and social
  • these developmental changes are often described by
    Stage Theories of Human Development
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14
Q
  1. What is the Bio-Psychosocial approach to Adult Development?
A
  • It states that in order to understand human
    development in its fullness:
    - biological
    - psychological
    - social
    levels of analysis must be described as 4 premisses
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15
Q
  1. What is Premises 1 of 4 of the Bio- Psychosocial
    approach to Adult Development?
A
  1. Human Development happens at the following levels
    throughout life:
    - biological
    - psychological
    - social
  • a full descriptive account of development must
    include all of the three above mentioned levels
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16
Q
  1. What is Premises 2 of 4 of the Bio- Psychosocial
    approach to Adult Development?
A
  • development at each of the three levels influences the
    other two levels
  • nature (biology) and nurture (social environment) are
    in a constant complex interaction(with consideration to how and why psychological
    development occurs)
17
Q
  1. What is Premises 3 of 4 of the Bio- Psychosocial
    approach to Adult Development?
A
  • biological, psychological and social descriptions and
    explanations are all as valid as the other
  • there is no level of primacy between them
18
Q
  1. What is Premises 4 of 4 of the Bio- Psychosocial
    approach to Adult Development?
A
  • any aspect of human development is best described
    and explained in relation to the whole person
  • and in relation to their social context
  • it also looks at their biological and cognitive parts
19
Q
  1. In real terms, is Adulthood really uniform and
    stable?
A
  • no
  • it is characterised by many important changes
20
Q
  1. What are the main changes in adult life c
    characterised by?
A
  • changes in social roles
  • adjustments to major life events
21
Q
  1. Give some examples of major life events with
    regards to Adulthood?
A
  • getting married
  • having children
  • moving houses
  • getting and changing jobs
  • experiencing the death of loved ones
22
Q
  1. What is a Mid-Life Crisis?
A
  • the realisation that half of ones life is almost over
  • there is much self reflection on:
    - family
    - children
    - career
    - choices
  • people tend to experience Empty Nest Syndrome
  • they seek another chance to live life
23
Q
  1. What kind of physical developments occur in an individuals Mid life and beyond?
A
  • they experience physical changes at a biological level
  • they can observe changes and problems with their
    larger organs and at their musculoskeletal levels
24
Q
  1. What kind of changes are common for people who are at their Mid life?
A
  • sensory changes
  • degeneration, such as:
    - muscle break down
    - bone break down
    - joint break down
    - physical ailments (arthritis)
25
Q
  1. What changes occur at the Sensory Level for a person who is at the Mid Life stage of their lives?
A
  • vision changes
  • hearing changes
  • taste changes
  • touch changes
  • smell changes
  • a struggle to see objects close by
  • a struggle to hear high pitches
26
Q
  1. What risks are increased as adult bodies age?
A
  • risk of contracting a variety of illnesses
    (both physical and mental)
27
Q
  1. What are 4 examples of Physical illnesses that are associated with Adulthood and ageing?
A
  1. Cancer
  2. Arthritis
  3. Cardiovascular Disease
  4. Immune System diseases
28
Q
  1. What is the connection between ageing and cancer?
A
  • the majority of cancer cases occur in those over 50
    years old
  • this can be due to a decline in immune system
    strength
  • there could also be co-existing conditions present
29
Q
  1. What is one of the most commonly experienced illnesses in adults as they age?
A
  • Osteoarthritis
  • there are a variety of different types of Arthritis
30
Q
  1. What are common symptoms across all types of Arthritis?
A
  • aching joints
  • stiff joints
  • continued joint pain
  • problems with moving joints
31
Q
  1. What is the connection between ageing and Cardiovascular disease?
A
  • the older the age of a person, the higher the risk
    factor of contracting a cardiovascular disease
32
Q
  1. What are two conditions that increase the chances of developing Cardiovascular disease?
A
  • hypertension
  • high cholesterol

(these are commonly found in older adults)

33
Q
  1. Which types of disorders are often much more prevalent in Adulthood?
A
  • psychological disorders
  • psychiatric disorders
34
Q
  1. What is usually found to be very stressful for adults?
A
  • gaining, changing and loosing social roles
35
Q
  1. What are the effects of Prolonged Stress?
A
  • it has serious negative consequences for the immune
    system and the endocrine system
  • issues with these systems often leads to symptoms
    such as:
    - Anxiety Disorders
    - Depression
    - Psychotic Disorders
  • these disorders are made worse as their is a primary
    illness that usually accompanies them
    (EG: cancer, cardiovascular disorders, disorders of the
    immune system, AIDS)
36
Q
  1. Which model of Psychology is used when analysing
    Adulthood?
A
  • the Bio Psychosocial model
  • this is because there is a link between Environmental,
    Psychological and Biological factors
  • they are all relevant to the Adult stage of development
37
Q
  1. Read through this summary.
    Does everything make sense?
A
  • yes

MED 104- Medical Psychology (24 decks)

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