1 to 200 Flashcards
(199 cards)
1
Q
Adjective
Abrupt
əˈbrʌpt
A
- To be sudden; out of expectations.
- To be brief without trying to be friendly.
سریع و ناغافل
معنی گستاخ هم میده
- After the announcement of a change in corporate leadership was made, an abrupt and uncomfortable silence took hold of the room.
- When customers ask questions regarding the menu, the waiter replies in an abrupt and short way.
abruptly (Adv) abruptness (N)
2
Q
Phrase
Absolute value
ˈæbsəluːt
Pl: absolute values
A
It represents the magnitude of the number without taking into consideration whether the number is positive or negative.
The absolute value of -3 is 3.
3
Q
Verb (Trans. and Intrans.)
Accelerate
əkˈseləreɪt
PT: accelerated PP: accelerated
PresP: accelerating 3rd S: accelerates
A
- To start to move increasingly faster.
- To make something happen faster than it was
happening before.
In hope of catching the robber, the man accelerated well above the speed limit.
accelerated (Adj) accelerative (Adj)
4
Q
Verb (Trans.)
Access
ˈækses
PT: accessed PP: accessed
PresP: accessing 3rd S: accesses
A
- To find a way to get into a place.
- To have the right to be able to take part in something.
The government employee, after months of work at the company, was still not granted the privilege to access the secret documents.
5
Q
Noun
Access
ˈækses
Pl: accesses
A
- The opportunity to enter a place.
- The right to be able to
use something.
- The front access was closed off temporarily.
- Access to the files was
prohibited by federal law.
6
Q
Adjective
Accidental
ˌæksəˈdentl◂
A
Describes an event that was not planned and happened by chance.
The death of the dog was accidental and not the driver’s fault.
accidentally (Adv) accidentals (N)
7
Q
Verb (Trans. and Intrans.)
Accommodate
əˈkɒmədeɪt
PT: accommodated
PP: accommodated
PresP: accommodating
3rd S: accommodates
A
To change one’s actions as a way of responding to someone else’s needs.
وفق دادن
In order to accommodate to the needs of her diabetic child, the mother prepared frequent meals.
accommodative (Adj) accommodation (N)
Accomodationist: someone who adapts to or compromises with an opposing view
8
Q
Adverb
Accordingly
əˈkɔːdɪŋli $ əˈkɔːr-
A
To act consistently with what was agreed upon or said.
After weeks of questioning, the judge’s appointment was confirmed by the Senate accordingly.
9
Q
Verb (Trans.)
Account for
əˈkaʊnt
A
To explain a situation that has or will occur.
توضیح دادن
In order to account for the losses, the company will do an audit.
10
Q
Verb (Intrans.)
Accrue
əˈkruː
PT: accrued
PP: accrued
PresP: accruing
3rd S: accrues
A
To amass or gather wealth of some sort over a period of time.
تعلق گرفتن، بدست آمدن، منتج گردیدن
from/to
advantages accruing from the introduction of new technology
مزایای حاصل از معرفی فناوری جدید
benefits that accrue to students
11
Q
Verb (Intrans.)
Acquire
əˈkwaɪr
Formal
PT: acquired
PP: acquired
PresP: acquiring
3rd S: acquires
A
To obtain ownership of something.
Manning hoped to acquire valuable works of art as cheaply as possible.
acquirable (Adj) acquired (Adj) acquirer (N)
12
Q
Noun
Acquisition
ˌækwəˈzɪʃən
Pl: acquisitions
A
The act of obtaining or getting something.
Acquisition of the small software company was completed by Oracle without contentiousness.
13
Q
Verb (Trans.)
Acquit
əˈkwɪt
PT: acquitted
PP: acquitted
PresP: acquitting
3rd S: acquits
A
To officially declare the innocence of somebody after they have been charged with a crime.
تبرئه کردن، روسفید کردن، برطرف کردن، ادا کردن، از عهده برامدن، انجام وظیفه کردن، پرداختن و تصفیه کردن، ادای نمودن، برائت کردن
acquit somebody of something
The judge directed the jury to acquit Phillips of the murder.
acquitter (N) acquittal (N)
14
Q
Verb (Trans.)
Activate
PT: activated
PP: activated
PresP: activating
3rd S: activates
A
To make something turn on or make it active.
In order to activate the system, employers had to enter a secret code.
activation (N)
15
Q
Adjective
Acute
əˈkjuːt
A
Describes a situation that is considered to be either very bad, extremely serious or painful.
حاد
In light of the acute monetary crisis, the government printed more currency.
ضربه، نوک تیز، حاد، بحرانی، تیز، حساس، زیرک، تیزرو، زیر، روشن بین، تیز نظر، شدید ، تیز، تند
acutely (Adv) acuteness (N) acute (N)
16
Q
Noun
Acute angle
əˈkjuːt
A
An angle that is less than 90 degrees and greater than 0 degree.
The architect designed the room with several acute angles, creating a sense of imbalance.
17
Q
Adjective
Adamant
ˈædəmənt
A
Being extremely determined and resolute in ones opinions; not influenced by others who ask to reconsider.
جسم جامد و سخت، تزلزل ناپذیر، یک دنده
She begged me to change my mind, but I remained adamant.
adamantly (Adv)
18
Q
Noun
Addition
əˈdɪʃən
Pl: additions
A
- The process of summing up two or more numbers; the process of combining two or more things or people
- A part added to a new building.
An addition to the house created more room for the growing family. in addition used to introduce an additional point or a relevant fact also in addition to as well as
19
Q
Noun
Additive
Pl: additives
countable usually plural
A
An ingredient added to food to change the food in some way.
The yogurt included an additive to make it sweeter.
additive (Adj)
20
Q
Noun
Adjacent angle
əˈdʒeɪsənt
Pl: adjacent angles
A
Angles that are found next to each other.
The avenue intersects directly with 59th Street, forming two adjacent angles with sharp degrees.
21
Q
Verb (Trans)
Adopt
əˈdɑːpt
PT: adopted
PP: adopted
PresP: adopting
3rd S: adopts
A
- To legally raise a child, that is not your own biologically, as if it were your own.
- To take up ideas or customs as your own that originated from somewhere else.
The childless couple chose to adopt the child and raise her as their own.
Many cooking styles in the US have been adopted and modified from other cultures.
adoptable (Adj) adopter (N)
22
Q
Adjective
Adrenal
əˈdriːnl
A
Functions relating to the kidneys.
مربوط بغده فوق کلیوی
Because of kidney disease, the adrenal functioning of the patient was inhibited.
adrenally (Adv)
23
Q
Adjective
Adverse
ˈædvɜːrs
A
Unfavorable.
مغایر، نا سازگار، مخالف، مضر، روبرو
They fear it could have an adverse effect on global financial markets.
Adverse conditions in the upper atmosphere prevented the shuttle take- off.
adversely (Adv) adverseness (N)
24
Q
Noun
Aeronautics
ˌerəˈnɒːtɪks
Uncountable
A
The science, art, theory and practice of creating, making and using an aircraft.
دانش هوانوردی
Aeronautics is the study of flight in all forms.
25
# Noun
Aftermath
## Footnote
Pl: aftermaths
The repercussions of a disastrous event, or the period after which the disastrous event occurred.
| عواقب بعدی، پسایند
## Footnote
The danger of disease **in the aftermath** of the earthquake
26
# Noun
Agenda
## Footnote
Pl: agendas
A formal list of things to be done in a predetermined order.
## Footnote
In setting an agenda for meetings, the young executive was cognizant of leaving enough time for team discussion.
27
# Verb (Trans)
Aggravate
| ˈæɡrəveɪt
## Footnote
past and PP:
3rd S: aggravates
PresP: aggravating aggravated
To exacerbate the effects of something, usually by making it worse.
OPP: Improve
## Footnote
Mnemonic: Aggre(sive WÄY)t
Their money problems were **further aggravated by** a rise in interest rates.
بیشتر تشدید شد
aggravating (Adj) aggravator (N) aggravatingly (Adv)
28
# Adjective
Airborne
| ˈerbɔːrn
Transported by currents of air.
## Footnote
Airborne diseases are especially contagious and can cause mass epidemics.
29
# Noun
Algebra
| ˈældʒəbrə
The specific division of mathematic that deals with symbols that are representative of unknown numbers.
## Footnote
The pursuit of understanding complex mathematics begins with an understanding of algebra and its equation theory.
algebraist (N)
30
# Adjective
Alkaline
| ˈælkəlaɪn
Having the characteristics of a chemical substance known as alkali.
| قلیایی
## Footnote
The alkaline content of the water made it bitter and impossible to drink.
31
# Noun
Allergy
| ˈælərdʒi
## Footnote
Pl: allergies
An unusually high level of sensitivity to a normally no harmful substance that causes a strong reaction from a person's body.
## Footnote
An allergy to cedar trees made the woman sneeze constantly.
32
# Noun
Alligator
| ˈæləɡeɪtər
## Footnote
Pl: alligators
A cold-blooded animal, otherwise known as a reptile, that has thick scaly skin, dominant jaws, a long tail, and a shorter and wider snout than a crocodile.
## Footnote
In the Florida everglades, alligators swim by in the hundreds in muddy rivers.
33
# Verb (Trans and Intrans)
Allow for
| əˈlaʊ for
To allot or make free something like a period of time or amount of material for some purpose.
| مجاز دانستن، با درنظر گرفتن
## Footnote
Allow for time to complete the task.
34
Alternative
| ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv
An option of doing something or a substitute for someone or something.
35
Altitude
| ˈæltɪtuːd
The location, usually represented as the height, above sea level.
| We’re flying at an altitude of 40,000 feet.
36
Amateur
| ˈæmətʃʊr
*Noun:* A person with very little skill, or experience in a particular field of knowledge.
*Adjective:* Performing an activity in an unskilled or unprofessional way.
37
# v.
Amend
| əˈmend
## Footnote
Formal
To create changes to something, usually a document, for the purposes of improvement or correction.
| The law was amended to include women.
38
# Adj.
Ample
| ˈæmpəl
As many or more than required.
SYN: Sufficient
| وافر، سرشار، بیش از حد لزوم
## Footnote
Recent US history has **amply** demonstrated the risks of foreign intervention.
39
# n.
Anatomy
## Footnote
Plural: Anatomies
The division of science that deals with the physical structure of animals, plants, and other organisms.
40
# n.
Ancestor
| ˈænsestər
## Footnote
Countable
A person from whom another person is directly descended.
## Footnote
Babbage’s invention was the ancestor of the modern computer.
"It can take a meaning the form in which a modern machine, vehicle etc first existed SYN **forerunner**"
41
# adjective
Anterior
| ænˈtɪəriə $ -ˈtɪriər
## Footnote
**no comparative**
1. In front of something or at front.
2. (Formal) happening or existing before something else (مقدم بر)
## Footnote
In almost all cases the **anterior** deltoid is the most developed and the **posterior** the least developed.
در جلو، قدامی (در مقابل: خلفی posterior)، بطنی، شکمی، (از نظر زمان یا ترتیب یا منطق) مقدم، پیشین
42
# n.
Ape
| eɪp
Noun
A primate characterized by being tailless and belonging to the Family Pongidae.
Examples are a chimpanzee, gorilla, or orangutan.
## Footnote
ای پسر بوزینه
43
# n. v.
Apparel
| əˈpærəl
## Footnote
Formal
Noun
Clothing.
Verb
To put clothes on someone.
| پوشاندن، آراستن
## Footnote
She looked lovely, despite her strange apparel.
او با وجود لباس های عجیب و غریبش دوست داشتنی به نظر می رسید.
44
Appliance
| əˈplaɪəns
An electrical machine used in the home for a specific purpose.
45
Applicable
| ˈæplɪkəbəl
Relevant to someone, some people or a particular event.
46
# v.
Apportion
| əˈpɔːʃən
## Footnote
Formal
To break up and give something different to someone or some people.
| Court costs were equally apportioned between them.
## Footnote
هزینه های دادگاه به طور مساوی بین آنها تقسیم شد.
47
# Adj.
Aquatic
| əˈkwa:tɪk
Adjective
Consistent of or needing water.
Noun
A plant or animal that habitats or develops in water.
48
# n.
Arc
| ɑːrk
## Footnote
Countable
Noun
A curved or semi-circular line.
Verb (Trans)
To create a curve or travel along a curved path.
| قوس . کمان
49
# adj.
Arcane
| ɑːˈkeɪn
Hard or not possible to comprehend.
Secret OR Mysterious
| محرمانه
## Footnote
the arcane language of the law
50
Area
| ˈeəriə
The measurement of a surface within a boundary.
51
# adj.
Arid
| ˈærɪd
Describes the **climate** of a region that receives less than 25 cm of rainfall a year.
خشک و بایر
52
Arm
| ɑːrm
1. The upper limb attached to the shoulder of the human body.
2. To provide someone with
weapons.
53
Array
| əˈreɪ
Noun
A collection of a large number of people of things. Verb (Trans)
To position something for display.
54
Artery
| ˈɑːrtəri
شاهرگ
55
Aspire
| əˈspaɪr
To try and achieve a specific goal.
اشتیاق داشتن، آرزو کردن
56
Assembly line
A production system in which a series of work stations handle various steps in the assembly of a product in a sequential order.
57
Assess
| əˈses
To observe something in order to give your opinion on it or evaluate it.
58
Asthma
| ˈæzmə
A disease which affects the respiratory system that is sometimes caused by allergies.
59
Attorney
| əˈtɜːrni
1. A qualified lawyer, especially one who is involved in court proceedings
2. A person assigned legal power.
60
# v.
Attribute
| əˈtrɪbjuːt
Verb (Trans)
To believe that something is caused by a specific circumstance.
Noun
A value, asset, or characteristics of someone or something.
## Footnote
**attribute** something **to** somebody/something
61
# Adj.
Authentic
| aːˈθentɪk
SYN: Genuine
1. Real and unique as opposed to something that is a reproduction or is fake.
2. Revealed to be true and honest.
| اصیل
62
Average
| ˈævərɪdʒ
Noun
1. The degree of something that is representative of a collection or class or people or things.
2. A number that is calculated by adding the series of numbers together and then dividing the total amount by the amount of numbers in the series. Adjective
1. Without any striking characteristics.
63
# phrasal verb.
Average out
1.To have or demonstrate an average.
2.To work out the numerical average of something.
## Footnote
Training costs for last year averaged out at £5,100 per trainee.
هزینه های آموزش برای سال گذشته **به طور متوسط** 5100 پوند برای هر کارآموز بو
64
# n.
Backdrop
| ˈbækdrɒ:p
## Footnote
Countable
A cloth that is very large and painted and it portrays the setting to the scene of a play.
## Footnote
پشت صحنهء پس زمینه
65
# n.
Bankruptcy
| ˈbæŋkrʌptsi
Adjective
When a person is legally declared as being unable to pay off his or her own personal debts.
Noun
A person who has been legally declared to not be able to pay his or her debts. Verb (Trans)
To exhaust someone's funds.
66
Bar
| bɑːr
Noun:
* A solid material of a specified length used as a barrier or as part of an infrastructure.
Verb (Trans):
* To secure something with a bar.
Preposition:
* Except for.
67
# n., v.
Bargain
| ˈbɑːrɡɪn
Noun:
Inexpensive purchase.
Verb:
Negotiate.
| معامله، چانه زدن
## Footnote
I’ve **kept** my **side of the bargain** and I expect you to keep yours.
68
Bark
| bɑːrk
Noun
A natural sound that is loud and abrupt made by a dog or a fox.
Verb
To make the loud and abrupt sound that a dog or a fox makes.
69
Barrel
| ˈbærəl
Noun
A large cylindrical container used to store liquids, that has a flat top and bottom.
Verb (Trans)
To travel somewhere at very high speeds.
## Footnote
A vehicle barreled out of a shopping center and crashed into the side of my car.
70
Base
Noun
The bottom, supporting, or lowest part of layer of something.
Verb (Trans)
To make or provide a base for something.
Adjective
**Not having proper social values or moral principles.**
## Footnote
صفتش یه معنی گدازاده هم میده
71
be at a disadvantage
In a less favorable position.
| در شرایط بدی بودن
72
# n.
Benefactor
| ˈbenəˌfæktər/
## Footnote
Countable
A person who aids a cause, institution, or person usually by giving a donation of money.
| خیر، بانی، نیکوکار
## Footnote
Mnemonic: “به نِفَع کار کن"
a generous benefactor of the university
73
Betray
| bɪˈtreɪ
To be harmful or disloyal to your own country or another person by helping the country's or person's enemy.
74
Betrayal
| bɪˈtreɪəl
The act of betraying a person or something.
## Footnote
She felt a great **sense of betrayal**.
75
# Adj.
Better off
To get a more desirable result.
OPP: Worse Off
| She’ll be about £50 a week better off.
## Footnote
پولدارتر، اسوده تر
76
# n.
Beverage
| ˈbevərɪdʒ
A non-water type of drink.
## Footnote
نوشابه
77
Bid
| bɪd
Verb
To propose a certain amount of money for a product at an auction.
Noun
A proposal of money for a product at an auction.
| مزایده
78
# Adj.
Bilateral
| baɪˈlætərəl
Involving two groups of political nature.
| دوجانبه
## Footnote
bilateral negotiations between Israel and Syria
79
# Adj.
Bilingual
| baɪˈlɪŋɡwəl
*Adjective*
Having the ability to speak two different languages.
*Noun*
A person that has the ability to speak two different languages.
80
# Adj.
Binary
| ˈbaɪnəri
Adjective
Made up of two different and separate elements.
Noun
The binary number system in math.
81
# v.
Bisect
To divide something into two parts.
| نصف کردن
82
# Adj.
Bizarre
| bəˈzɑː
Entertainingly or unrealistically strange or unusual.
| غریب و عجیب، غیر مانوس، ناشی از هوس، وهمی
## Footnote
a bizarre coincidence
یک حسن اتفاق عجیب
83
Black hole
## Footnote
**Countable**
Believed to be formed when a star collapses upon itself. It is an object in space that has a strong gravitational pull and because of this matter and energy cannot escape from it.
| سیاه‌چاله
84
# n.
Blackout
| ˈblækaʊt
## Footnote
Countable
* A temporary loss of consciousness, sight or memory.
* A temporary interruption of communication, electricity or broadcasting.
| معنی: خمود، خاموشی، خاموش شدن چراغ ها، قطع کامل برق، خاموشی شهر، متبادل
## Footnote
"بِلِک اُوت، همه جا تاریک
As the crisis worsened, the authorities imposed a **news blackout**.
85
# Adj.
Bland
| blænd
Not having flavor, personality or concern.
SYN: Dull, tasteless
## Footnote
معانی دیگر: میانه رو، خوش برخورد، ملایم و آرامبخش (در مقابل دردآور یا قوی یا سوزان)، خوشایند، مطبوع، بی مزه، بی بو و خاصیت، (خوراک) بدون نمک و ادویه
86
# n.
Blind spot
1. Optic disk.
2. An area where someone's **vision is hindered** because they are unable to see that area.
3. something that you are **unable** or **unwilling** to **understand**
## Footnote
I have a blind spot where computers are concerned.
87
Bookkeeping
| ˈbʊkˌkiːpɪŋ
The profession in which the person recorded the money made and spent by an individual person, business or organization.
| ساماندهی، دفتر داری
88
Boom
| buːm
*Verb (Trans & Intrans)*
To make a loud and profound echoing sound.
*Noun*
A loud and profound echoing sound.
89
# v.
Boost
| buːst
Verb (Trans)
1. To make something better.
2. To cause something to increase.
Noun
Something that helps strengthen or make someone or something
better.
90
# v.
Bound
| baʊnd
## Footnote
the past tense and past participle of bind
*Adjective*
Something that is predetermined to happen because of custom or experience.
*Verb (Intransitive)*
To change position with large stride or jumps very quickly and energetically.
*Noun*
A high energy long or high jump.
##footnote
جست و خیز، حد، مرز و کران
91
Bounty
| ˈbaʊnti
An amount of money offered to someone in compensation for finding either a criminal or a person wanted by the law.
92
Bouquet
| bu:ˈkeɪ
A number of flowers that have been cut and chosen or arranged in a special manner.
93
Breakthrough
| ˈbreɪkθruː
A discovery in science, medicine, or technology that is very important because it has both a dramatic and long lasting effect.
پیشرفت غیرمنتظره
94
Brewery
| ˈbruːəri
The place or the company that either houses or produces beer.
95
Bring about
SYN: Cause
| سبب شدن
96
Broccoli
| ˈbrɒ:kəli
Green, white, or purple flower heads that are cooked and consumed as a vegetable; the plant is part of the cabbage family.
97
Brochure
| broʊˈʃʊr
A small paper covered book that has in it information or advertising that is descriptive.
| جزوه و رساله
98
Brokerage
| ˈbrəʊkərɪdʒ
A payment for a service to someone who acted as a financial agent for someone else.
| حق العمل
99
Bronze
| brɑːnz
*Noun*
* alloy of copper and tin that sometimes contains minute amounts of other metals.
*Adjective*
* Made of bronze.
*Verb*
* To make or give something the yellowish brown or weathered patina look of bronze.
100
Browse
| braʊz
Verb
To quickly or casually read something.
Noun
A casual or quick look over something.
101
# Adj.
Brutal
| ˈbruːtl
Ruthless or cruel to an extreme degree.
| وحشی، بی رحم، حیوان صفت، جانور خوی، شهوانی
102
# n.
Budget
| ˈbʌdʒɪt
Noun
An itemized list of the estimated income and spending during a precise period of time.
Adjective
Appropriate for people that have only a limited amount of money that they could spend.
Verb
To map out the allotment, spending or use of
resources.
103
# v.
Bunch
| bʌntʃ
Noun
An array of things that are placed or grouped together. Verb
To collect objects or people into a close cluster or group.
| دسته کردن
## Footnote
I’ll send her a **bunch of flowers**.
104
Bureaucrat
| ˈbjrʊərəkræt
An official of the government or administration.
105
# n., v.
Bust
| bʌst
Noun
A raid by police or an arrest made in connection with illegal drugs.
Verb (Trans & Intrans) To damage or break something that is either mechanical or electrical.
| بازداشت، خرد گشتن
106
# n.
Cabin
| ˈkæbɪn
Noun
A small, unadorned house that is usually made of wood.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To restrict someone to an enclosed and small space.
107
Calcium
| ˈkælsiəm
An alkaline earth metal that is soft and silvery white; it constitutes about three percent of the earth's crust.
108
Call for
| kɒːl
To create a need or request for an action to take place.
109
Calorie
| ˈkæləri
The unite of energy equal to 4.1855 joules, that is defined as the heat needed to increase the temperature of 1 g of pure water by 1 degree C.
110
Campaign
| kæmˈpeɪn
Noun
A designed and structured series of actions that are anticipated to achieve a desired goal.
Verb (Intransitive) To participate in a campaign to attain a desired goal.
111
# n.
Canon
| ˈkænən
## Footnote
**Countable**
A principle, standard, or general rule.
112
# n.
Canvas
| ˈkænvəs
## Footnote
**Uncountable**
Noun:
* A closely knit, burly, and heavy fabric made of cotton, hemp, or jute.
Verb (Trans):
* To wrap something with a canvas.
| الک یا غربال کردن، برای جمعاوری اراء فعالیت کردن
113
# n.
Capacity
| kəˈpæsəti
An assessment of the amount that can be held or enclosed.
114
# phrasal verb
Capitalize on
| ˈkæpətl-aɪz
take advantage of; leverage on.
| بهره برداری کردن، سودجویی کردن
## Footnote
Ecuador has **capitalized on** its natural beauty to attract tourism.
115
# v.
Captivate
| ˈkæptɪveɪt
To get and keep someone's attention by charm or some other type of enjoyable or irresistible feature.
| دل فریفتن، اسیر کردن
## Footnote
He was captivated by her beauty.
116
# v.
Capture
| ˈkæptʃər
Verb (Trans)
To trap and then lock up or restrain a person or an animal by using force.
Noun
Being captured or capturing someone.
| دستگیری، تسخیر، گرفتن، اسیر کردن، مبتلا کردن
117
Carbohydrate
| ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt
An important source of food and energy for humans and animals; it is an organic compound made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
118
# n.
Cargo
| ˈkɑːrɡoʊ
Products transported as freight by sea, air, or road.
SYN: Freight
119
# n.
Casualty
| ˈkæʒuəlti
## Footnote
Countable
A person that has been hurt or killed in an accident.
| سانحه، تصادفات
120
# n.
Category
| ˈkætəɡɔːri
A collection or set of actions, things, or people that are grouped together due to a characteristic that they have in common.
121
# v.
Cater
| ˈkeɪtə
To give what is desired or needed in a specific situation or by a specific collection or people.
| تهیه کردن، اذوقه رساندن، خواربار رساندن
122
Caterpillar
| ˈkætərˌpɪlər
کرم ابریشم
The larva belonging to a butterfly or a moth. It characteristics are having a long soft body, a lot of short legs, and many bright colors on its skin.
123
# n.
Cathedral
| kəˈθiːdrəl
Noun
A church that has the bishop's throne in it; the church is the most important one in the diocese of the bishop. Adjective
Pertaining to, belonging to, or containing a bishop or a cathedral.
124
# n.
Causality
| kɒːˈzæləti
## Footnote
**Uncountable**
The principle of cause and effect; the source which causes an effect.
125
Celebrity
| səˈlebrəti
A person who is famous.
SYN: Star
126
# n., v.
Censure
| ˈsenʃər
## Footnote
**Noun: Uncountable**
Noun
Harsh criticism.
Verb (Trans)
To submit someone or something to harsh criticism.
| انتقاد، سرزنش کردن، استیضاح کردن
## Footnote
a vote of censure
127
# n., v.
Center
| ˈsentə
Noun
* The middle spot, area, or part of a thing that is equidistant from all points on the outside edges or opposite sides of a thing.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To place something in the middle of something else.
128
Ceramic
| səˈræmɪks
Noun
* A tough brittle material that resists heat by firing a combination of clay and chemicals at high temperatures.
Adjective
* Created of ceramic material.
129
# n.
Cereal
| ˈsɪrəriəl
A plant that is indigenous to the grass family that is grown for it' s nutrition's grains.
130
# n., Adj., v.
Chamber
| ˈtʃeɪmbər
Noun
* A room set aside to be used for a specific purpose.
Adjective
* Pertaining to, composed as, or performing chamber music.
Verb (Trans)
* To place a set amount of ammunition in the back barrel of a weapon.
| تالار، اپارتمان، خوابگاه، خان، حجره، فشنگ گذاشتن تو تفنگ
131
# v., n.
Charge
| tʃɑːrdʒ
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To make a request to someone about the specific price or fee of something.
Noun
* The fee asked for a service or the price of something that is being sold.
132
# n.
Charity
| ˈtʃærəti
Giving money, materials or help to those that are in need without asking for anything in return.
133
# n., v.
Charter
| ˈtʃɑːrtər
Noun
* An official statement that written listing the rights and responsibilities of the state and the citizens of that state.
Verb (Trans)
* To rent of lease a vehicle for a personal or special purpose.
| دربست کرایه دادن، منشور
134
# n., v.
Check
| tʃek
Verb
* To look at something closely in order to declare its state or condition.
Noun
* The looking at something closely in order to declare its state or condition.
135
Cheetah
| ˈtʃiːtə
A member of the cat family that is very large, has a yellowish-brown coat with black spots, a small head, thing body, and long legs; it is found mostly in Africa and south-western Asia.
136
Chef
| ʃef
A professional cook, usually the chief cook.
137
# n., v.
Chord
| kɔːrd
Noun
* Two or more musical notes played or sung at the same time.
Verb (Trans)
* To make or play chords to harmonize and make a melody more elegant.
| چند نوت که با هم نواخته/خوانده می شوند، قشنگ کردن موسیقی با همنوازی
138
Circle
| ˈsɜːkəl
Noun
* A perfect hollow ring shape.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To move along or around something that follows a curved route or paths that begins and ends in the same place.
139
# n.
Circulation
| ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃən
The physiological movement of blood throughout the body.
| گردش خون
140
Circumference
| sərˈkʌmfərəns
The distance around the edge of a circle.
141
# Adj.
Civic
| ˈsɪvɪk
Pertaining to the government of a town or city.
| مدنی
142
# Adj.
Civil
| ˈsɪvəl
Pertaining to the occurrences of citizens or groups of citizens within the state
| مدنی، کشوری، غیر نظامی، حقوقی، متمدن، عرفی، با ادب، مودب
143
Civil rights
The basic rights that all citizens of a society are entitled to have.
## Footnote
حقوقی که طبق الحاقیه های سیزدهم و پانزدهم و نوزدهم قانون اساسی به همه ی شهروندان امریکا داده شده (حق رای و برابری در مقابل قانون و غیره)
144
Claim
| kɑːlm
Verb (Trans)
* To state, without using evidence or proof, that something is true.
Noun
* A statement that something is true without using evidence or proof.
| ارامش، ارام کردن
145
# n., v.
Clam
| klæm
Noun
* A burrowing shellfish, either a freshwater or marine mollusk, having a muscular foot that it used to burrow into the sand.
Verb (Intransitive)
* To collect clams.
146
Clan
| klæn
A large group of people or families that are related either because of a common ancestor or marriage.
147
# v.
Clarify
| ˈklærɪfaɪ
To explain something in greater detail and thereby making it clearer.
148
# Adj.
Clerical
| ˈklerɪkəl
Pertaining to or belonging to office work.
| دفتری
149
Clerical supplies
| ˈklerɪkəl
Office related supplies, such as stationery.
| لوازم اداری
150
# phrasal verb
Cling to
Hold on to something or someone with hope.
| also cling **on to something**
## Footnote
امیدوار ماندن
He **clung to the hope that she would be cured.**
151
# n.
Clipping
| ˈklɪpɪŋ
An article from either a newspaper or a magazine.
| برش یا گزیده جراید
152
# Adv.
Clockwise
| ˈklɒ:k-waɪz
In the same way that the hands of a clock change position around a clock face.
153
# v.
Clog
| klɑːɡ
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To obstruct a tube or opening with soil or dust, or become slowly obstructed with soil or dust.
Noun
* A heavy shoe, either traditionally made of wood or having a wooden sole.
## Footnote
پابند، قید، ترمز، کلوخه، لخته شدن، زیادی پر کردن، کند کردن، مسدود کردن، بستن
154
# n., v.
Clone
| kloʊn
Noun
* An organism that is genetically identical to its parent; it was developed by vegetative reproduction.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To create a organism that has the identical genetic material as the parent.
| شبیه سازی شده
## Footnote
موجودی که از این راه به وجود آمده باشد (clon هم می نویسند)، تاگ کردن، بافتزاد کردن، کلون کردن، (زیست شناسی - جاندار یا گیاهی که از طریق غیر لقاحی به وجود آمده باشد مثلا از راه بکرزایی یا کاشت پیاز یا تکثیر سلول ها و غیره) بافتزاد، زیست شناسی تولید مثل یا ابستنی غیر جنسی چه ازراه شکفتن وچه از راه تقسیم سلولی
155
# Adj.
Clumsy
| ˈklʌmzi
Moving in a awkward or poorly coordinated manner.
| دست و پا چلفتی
156
# n., v.
Cobble
| ˈkɒ:bəl
Noun
1. cobblestone
2. A rock fragment that has been rounded naturally and is between 64 and 256 mm in diameter.
Verb (Trans)
* To cover a road with cobblestones.
## Footnote
سنگ فرش، سنگ فرش کردن
157
# n.
Cocaine
| koʊˈkeɪn
## Footnote
**Uncountable**
An illegal narcotic drug made from the leaves of a coco plant that is taken as a stimulant.
158
# n.
Cocoa
| ˈkoʊkoʊ
## Footnote
**Uncountable**
A brown unsweetened powder made from cocoa beans that have been roasted and ground; it is used in cooking and as the basis for a hot drink.
159
# n., v.
Code
| koʊd
## Footnote
Noun: Countable
Noun
* A system of numbers, symbols, or letters which conceals normal message for the purposes of special communication.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To encode a message or
text.
## Footnote
فعل: بصورت رمز دراوردن
160
# v.
Codify
| ˈka:ʊdɪfaɪ
To organize things like rules, laws, or principles into a code or system.
## Footnote
مزی کردن، بصورت رمز دراوردن، **قانون وضع کردن، تدوین کردن**
معانی دیگر: مدون کردن، سامان بندی کردن، منظم و مرتب کردن
161
# Adj.
Coherent
| koʊˈhɪrənt
Consistent logically or artistically.
| دارای ارتباط منطقی، بی تناقض، فصیح
162
# n.
Coleslaw
| ˈkoʊlslɒː
## Footnote
Uncountable
A salad consisting of raw cabbage and carrots that have been shredded in a dressing of mayonnaise.
| سالاد کلم
163
# n., v.
Combat
| ˈkɑːmbæt
Noun
* Fighting between groups or people.
Verb (Trans)
* To try to destroy or manage something.
| To combat inflation, the government raised interest rates.
## Footnote
Corporal Gierson was killed **in combat**.
نبرد، پیکار، مبارزه، مصاف، رزم، محاربه، زد و خورد، حرب، سلحشور، مبارزه کردن، جنگیدن با
معانی دیگر: برخورد نظامی، آفند، رزمی، جنگی، حربی، ستیز
164
# n.
Combination
| ˌkɑːmbəˈneɪʃən
A combination of different things or factors, or the act of combining them.
165
Comedian
| kəˈmiːdiən
A funny entertainer.
166
# n.
Comet
| ˈkɒmɪt
An astronomical object that is made up of ice and dust and has a long light producing tail which is produced when it passes close to the Sun.
167
# Adj., n.
Commercial
| kəˈmɜːrʃəl
## Footnote
Noun: **Countable**
Adjective
* Pertaining to the buying and selling of services and products.
Noun
* An advertisement for a product or service broadcast through either the radio or television.
## Footnote
اسم: آگهی (بازرگانی)
168
# Adj., n.
Commonplace
| ˈkɒ:mənpleɪs
Adjective:
* Happening often or everyday.
Noun
* An unoriginal or dull remark.
| Car thefts are commonplace in this part of town.
## Footnote
معمولی، پیش پا افتاده، مبتذل، همه جایی، عادی
معانی دیگر: کهنه مبتذل، حرف تکراری، چیز واضح (که گفتنش بی جا است)، پر واضح
169
# Adj., V., n.
Compact
| kəmˈpækt
Adjective
* Packed or clustered together closely.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To make something become denser or more firmly packed.
Noun
* A small flat case that contains makeup.
170
Compactness
Adjective:
* Packed or clustered together closely.
171
# Adj.
Compatible
| kəmˈpætəbəl
Able to work or cohabitate together without disagreement.
172
# v.
Compensate
| ˈkɒmpənseɪt
To give someone money for work done or for something that has been lost.
| جبران کردن، تلافی کردن، غرامت دادن، پاداش دادن، تاوان دادن
173
# n.
Compensation
| ˌkɒmpənˈseɪʃən
## Footnote
**Uncountable**
Money or something else given to someone in compensation for loss, work done, or damage.
| جبران، تلافی، غرامت، جبران کردن، عوض، پاداش، تاوان، مزد
174
# v.
Compile
| kəmˈpaɪl
To put things together from a different number of places to make a whole.
| تنظیم کردن آمار و اطلاعات
175
# n., v.
Complement
| ˈkɒ:mpləment
Noun
* A thing that perfects or makes something else whole.
Verb (Trans)
* To make something whole, perfect, or accompany something else nicely.
| **مکمل،** کامل ساز، جور، مکمل بودن، **کمال بخشیدن**،
176
# Adj., n.
Complex
| ˈkɒmpleks
Adjective
* Hard to understand, explain, or resolve.
**SYN: Complicated OPP: Simple**
Noun
* An entire thing made up of many different but
interrelated parts. **مرکب از چند جزء، پیچیده**
177
# v.
Comply
| kəmˈplaɪ
To comply with or conform to something.
| **موافقت کردن، براوردن، اجابت کردن، قانع کردن**
178
# n., Adj.
Component
| kəmˈpoʊnənt
Noun
* A component of something that is usually bigger than itself.
Adjective
* Creating part of a whole.
## Footnote
جزء، مولفه، ترکیب کننده، ترکیب دهنده
معانی دیگر: جز، بخش، سازنده، اجزاء
179
# n., Adj., v.
Compound
| ˈkɑːmpaʊnd
Noun
* A creation caused by the mixing of two or more different things.
Adjective
* Created by the mixture of two or more different things.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To place together things to create a whole.
## Footnote
ترکیب، جسم مرکب، محوطه، بلور دوتایی، مرکب، جسم مرکب، چند جزئی، لفظ مرکب، ترکیب کردن، امیختن، مخلوط کردن
180
# v.
Comprehend
| ˌkɒmprɪˈhend $
To understand the meaning of nature or some other thing.
| I did not fully comprehend what had happened.
## Footnote
فرا گرفتن، درک کردن، دریافتن، فهمیدن
معانی دیگر: اندر یافتن، دربر داشتن، شامل بودن
Note:
* Comprehend is **often** used in the **negative**, especially with **can’t/cannot**
* **Comprehend is not used in the progressive**. **✗Don’t say: I am not comprehending why anyone would do that.**
181
# n., v.
Compromise
| ˈkɒ:mprəmaɪz
Noun
* A resolution of an argument in which two or more sides accept less than what was wanted originally.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To resolve an argument by accepting less than what was wanted originally.
| توافق، سازش، مصالحه، مصالحه کردن، تسویه کردن، سازش کردن
## Footnote
* If moderates fail to **reach** a **compromise**, the extremists will dominate the agenda.
* Be prepared to **make compromises**.
182
# v.
Conceal
| kənˈsiːl
To place or hold someone or something out of view in order to stop the person or thing from being discovered.
| پوشاندن، پنهان کردن، مخفی کردن، نهفتن، نهان کردن
## Footnote
She tried to **conceal the fact that** she was pregnant.
183
# v., n.
Concentrate
| ˈkɒ:nsəntreɪt
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To center every one of your thoughts on one subject or activity.
Noun
* A substance made more pure by removing another substance.
| متمرکز کردن، تمرکز دادن، تغلیظ کردن
184
# n., v.
Concern
| kənˈsɜːrn
Noun
* A motive to worry, or a thing that causes someone to worry.
Verb (Trans)
* To make someone have an uneasy or worried feeling.
## Footnote
بابت، بستگی، پروا، ربط، **دغدغه** مربوط بودن به، **دلواپس کردن**، اهمیت داشتن
185
# n., v.
Concert
| ˈkɑːnsərt
Noun
* An event in which a musician or a group of musicians perform in front of an audience.
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
* To do or organize something with the help or in agreement with another group or individual person.
| **attend a concert** *formal*
## Footnote
هم اهنگی، کنسرت، جور کردن،
**همکاری، همدلی، هم کوشی**
186
# n.
Concession
| kənˈseʃən
## Footnote
Countable
An act or model of giving into or compromising in one way, often not wanting or willing to actually do so.
| اجازه ی بهره گیری، اذعان با یه حال عنی
187
# n., Adj., v.
Concrete
| kɑːnˈkriːt
Noun
* A combination of cement, sand, minerals, rock fragments, and water in predetermined proportions in order to make it a hard stony consistency. **بتن**
Adjective
* Tangible; able to be seen or touched. **عینی و قابل لمس در مقابل مجرد و انتزاعی و ابسترکت**
Verb (Trans)
* To place concrete all over an area. **یاد ماهشهر بخیر**
188
# v.
Condense
| kənˈdens
1. Transform something from gas to liquid with the loss of heat.
2. To decrease the length of a written text by the removal of words or passages that are not necessary or by rewriting the contact of the text to make it more concise.
|
| متراکم کردن، منقبض کردن، تغلیظ کردن، هم چگال کردن، مختصرومفیدکردن، چگالی
## Footnote
Mnemonic: **کن dense**
189
# n., v.
Cone
| koʊn
Noun
* An object that tapers to a point at the top or bottom and has a round base.
Verb (Trans)
* To form something into the shape of a cone.
## Footnote
مخروط، قیف، میوه کاج، هر چیز مخروطی یا کله قندی، مخروطی شکل کردن
190
# n.
Configuration
| kənˌfɪɡəˈreɪʃən
The manner that parts or elements are placed together.
191
# n.
Confinement
| kənˈfaɪnmənt
## Footnote
Formal, **Uncountable**
Constrain or limits within the area or scope of something.
| the pros and cons of home versus hospital confinement
## Footnote
**زندان بودن
وضع حمل، محدودیت، محدودشدگی، توقیف، حبس، زندان (بودن)، بستری (بودن)**
192
# v.
Conform
| kənˈfɔːrm
To act of think in a way that society expects you to behave.
## Footnote
همرنگ جماعت شدن
193
# v.
Confront
| kənˈfrʌnt
To deal with a challenge.
| روبرو شدن با، مواجهه کردن
194
# n.
Congestion
| kənˈdʒestʃən
## Footnote
**Uncountable**
A condition in which there are too many people or things in a street or an area, making it hard and slow to
move about.
##footnote
انبوهی، تراکم، **ازدحام جمعیت**، گرفتگی، جمع شدن خون یا اخلاط
195
# n.
Conspiracy
| kənˈspɪrəsi
An agreement or design between two or more people intended to do something illegal .
| دسیسه، توطئه
196
# Adj.
Contagious
| kənˈteɪdʒəs
Able to be transmitted from one person to another by touching the person directly or by some sort of indirect contact.
| واگیر، مسری، واگیردار
## Footnote
Mnemonic: Conta(ct) یه کس → واگیر
197
# n.
Contaminant
| kənˈtæmɪnənt
## Footnote
**Countable**
An action taken to limit the spread of something that is aggressive.
| آلاینده
198
# Adj.
Contemporary
| kənˈtempəreri
Adjective
* Current; Happening, or dating from, the identical time period as something or someone else.
Noun
* Someone who lives of something that lived at the same general time period as someone or something else.
## Footnote
معاصر، معاصر، هم دوره، هم زمان
معانی دیگر: (در مورد اشخاص و آثار) همزمان، همگاه، هم عصر، هم سن، امروزی، جدید، مدرن
199
# v., n.
Control
| kənˈtroʊl
## Footnote
Noun: **Uncountable**
Verb (Trans))
* To run or operate a machine, vehicle, or some other thing.
Noun
* The skill or ability to be able to do or handle something.
| بازرسی، کنترل، کاربری، باز بینی، کنترل کردن، تنظیم کردن، نظارت کردن
