601 to 800 Flashcards

(200 cards)

1
Q

Noun; Verb (Trans)

Overuse

ˌoʊvərˈjuːz

Verb (Transitive)
PT: overused
PP: overused
PresP: overusing
3rd S: overuses

A

Noun
Using something too much.

Verb (Trans)
To use something too much
.

Overuse of the microwave resulted in it breaking within a year.

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2
Q

Noun; Verb

Pair

per

Noun
Pl: pairs
Verb
PT: paired
PP: paired
PresP: pairing
3rd S: pairs

A

Noun
Two objects that are similar and are intended to work together.

Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To set or group together.

A pair of socks is required to cover two feet.

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3
Q

Noun

Palatability

ˈpælətəbəl

A

Containing a pleasant enough taste to be consumed.

| دلچسبی، دلپذیری

## Footnote

The dry wine was tasted with various foods for palatability.

Mnemonic: Plate on the table

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4
Q

Noun; Verb (Trans)

Palm

pɑːm

Noun
Pl: palms
Verb (Transitive)
PT: palmed
PP: palmed
PresP: palming
3rd S: palms

A

Noun
The anatomy of the inner surface of the hand that extends from the wrist to the base of the fingers.

Verb (Trans)
To conceal something in one’s hand.

در کف دست پنهان کردن

The boy reached out with the palm of his hand to touch the dog. Palm trees waved by the ocean.

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5
Q

Adjective

Paltry

ˈpaːltri

comparative: paltrier superlative: paltriest

A

Not important nor significant.

چیز اشغال و نا چیز

A paltry amount of basil results in a poor pesto sauce.

paltrily (Adv) paltriness (N)

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6
Q

Noun

Pamphlet

ˈpæmflɪt

Pl: pamphlets

A

A small leaflet that provides one with information or supports a specific position.

دفتر، مقاله، اعلامیه

The antiwar group gave out pamphlets on the street urging peace.

جزوه، اعلامیه

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7
Q

Noun; Verb (Trans)

Panel

ˈpænl

Noun
Pl: panels
Verb (Transitive)
PT: paneled
PP: paneled
PresP: paneling
3rd S: panels

A

Noun
A group of people who publicly make decisions or give rulings on things.

Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To decorate, equip, or conceal something with panels.

The board appointed ten men to a panel to discuss new strategies.

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8
Q

Noun

Pang

pæŋ

Pl: pangs

A

A brief piercing pain.

تیر کشیدن، درد و سوزش ناگهانی

After ten nights alone in the desert the old man felt the pang of loneliness.

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9
Q

Noun

Paperwork

ˈpeɪpərwɜːrk

A

Habitual work that involves doing clerical work.

تشریفات اداری

The reams of paperwork covered the desk of the young secretary.

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10
Q

Adjective; Noun; Verb (Trans); Adverb

Parallel

ˈpærəlel

Noun
Pl: parallels
Verb (Transitive)
PT: paralleled
PP: paralleled
PresP: paralleling
3rd S: parallels

A

Adjective
Pertaining to or being planes, lines, or rounded surfaces that are always equal distances from each other.

Noun
Any of a series of parallel geometric figures.

A parallel exists between the fates of Native Americans and Aborigines.

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11
Q

Noun

Parallel lines

ˈpærəlel

A

Adjective
Pertaining to or being planes, lines, or rounded surfaces that are always equal distances from each other.

The parallel yellow lines indicated a long no passing zone on the highway.

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12
Q

Noun

Parameter

pəˈræmɪtər

Pl: parameters

A

A fact or circumstance that limits how a thing is done or what can actually be done.

The corporate parameters for ethical behavior were drawn up after long discussions.

parametric (Adj)

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13
Q

Noun

Parasite

ˈpærəsaɪt

Pl: parasites

A

An organism that lives on or inside another larger organism; the host organism is either harmed or suffers no advantage.

انگل، صدای مزاحم، پا رازیت، دنباله رو، سربار

Small parasites infect mosquitoes and through the mosquito spread malaria.

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14
Q

Noun

Parental-leave

A

A period of time off that is granted from work, to a parent to nurture either a newborn baby or a recently adopted child or baby.

Parental-leave allows workers to spend time with their children and spouses.

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15
Q

Noun

Parish

ˈpærɪʃ

Pl: parishes

A

In the Christian religion this is a sector of a diocese that has its own church ad clergy member.

بخش یا ناحیه قلمرو کشیش کلیسا

The church parish included two villages and small towns.

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16
Q

Adjective; Noun

Particular

pərˈtɪkjələr

Pl: particulars

A

Adjective
Pertaining to one person or thing out of several people or things.

Noun
An individual item. A single instance.

خصوصیات، تک، ویژه، مختص، نکته بین، منحصر بفرد، دقیق

New Yorkers are very particular about their restaurants and frequent only the best.

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17
Q

Adjective; Noun

Particulate

pərˈtɪkjleɪt

Pl: particulates

A

Adjective
Pertaining to or made up of individual particles.

Noun
A substance that is made up or individual particles.

وابسته به یا دارای ذرات بسیار ریز

The particulate nature of lava lamps allow a hypnotic sense of movement.

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18
Q

Noun; Adjective

Partisan

ˌpɑːtɪˈzæn

Pl: partisans

A

Noun
A person that supports a person, group, or cause extremely strongly.

Adjective
Showing extremely biased support for a cause.

British newspapers are highly partisan.
روزنامه های بریتانیایی به شدت حزبی هستند.

partisanship (N)

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19
Q

Verb; Noun; Interjection

Pass

pæs

Verb
PT: passed
PP: passed
PresP: passing
3rd S: passes

A

Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To be successful in a test or any other type of examination.

Noun
A document that gives a person the right to enter something.

Though struggling to understand the material the student knew he would pass with effort.

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20
Q

phrasal verb

Pass up

A

To forgo an opportunity.

رد کردن، صرف نظر کردن

I don’t think you should pass up the opportunity to go to university.

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21
Q

Noun

Pasta

ˈpɑːstə

Pl: pastas

A

A food that is made from flour, eggs, and water and can be shaped into various forms.

The various kinds and forms of pasta allow hundreds of Italian noodle dishes.

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22
Q

Noun; Adjective; Verb (Trans)

Patent

ˈpæɪtnt

Noun
Pl: patents
Verb (Transitive)
PT: patented
PP: patented
PresP: patenting
3rd S: patents

A

Noun
The absolute or exclusive right granted to an inventor to produce or sell inventions; the right is an official right and issued by a government organization.

Adjective
Very clear or obvious so as to not need further explanation.

Verb (Trans)
To get a patent to an invention.

امتیاز یا حق انحصاری بکسی دادن، حق ثبت اختراع

  1. He applied for a patent for a new method of removing paint.
  2. He wants to take out a patent on his new type of dustbin.
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23
Q

Noun

Patron

ˈpeɪtrən

Pl: patrons

A

A person who provides monetary or other type of support to someone or something.

پشتیبان، حامی

Patrons of the New York City opera provide financial support for the institution.

patrona (Adj) patronly (Adv)

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24
Q

Verb

Patronize

ˈpeɪtrənaɪz

PT: patronized
PP: patronized
PresP: patronizing
3rd S: patronizes

A

1. To act in a condescending way towards someone.
2. **formal** to use or visit a shop, restaurant etc

## Footnote

The program focuses on kids’ interests without patronizing them

patronizer (N)

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25
# Noun; Verb; Adjective Peak | piːk ## Footnote Noun Pl: peaks Verb PT: peaked PP: peaked PresP: peaking 3rd S: peaks
**Noun** *The top of a mountain.* **Verb (Trans & Intrans)** *To reach the highest point of something like a mountain.* **Adjective** *Being at the highest point.* ## Footnote The peak of success in physics research is the Nobel Prize.
26
# Noun; Adjective Pedestrian | pəˈdestriən
**Noun** *A person that travels by walking.* **Adjective** *Dull, boring, or unoriginal.* | پیاده رو، عابر پیاده، بی روح، مبتذل ## Footnote a painting that is pedestrian and unimaginative pedestrianism (N)
27
# Verb (Intrans); Noun Peer | pɪər ## Footnote Verb (Intransitive) PT: peered PP: peered PresP: peering 3rd S: peers Noun Pl: peers
**Verb (Intransitive)** *To look closely at someone or something that is hard to see.* **Noun** *A person who is of equal standing in social class or age to another person.* | همتا ## Footnote The United States justice system guarantees a jury of peers to decide a case.
28
# Noun Penalty | ˈpenlti ## Footnote Pl: penalties
Legal punishment for carrying out a crime. ## Footnote The penalty for drunken driving has been increased in most states.
29
# Verb Penetrate | ˈpenətreɪt ## Footnote PT: penetrated PP: penetrated PresP: penetrating 3rd S: penetrates
To pass through or go into something by either piercing it or pushing into it. | نفوذ کردن ## Footnote To penetrate to the heart of the question, the philosopher utilized a deductive approach.
30
# Noun Pentagon ## Footnote Pl: pentagons
A five-sided geometric figures. ## Footnote The five-sided building used to house military administration is called the Pentagon. pentagonal (Adj) pentagonally (Adv)
31
# Verb (Trans) Perceive | pərˈsiːv ## Footnote PT: perceived PP: perceived PresP: perceiving 3rd S: perceives
To observe something using the senses. | ملاحظه کردن، درک کردن، مشاهده کردن، دریافتن ## Footnote To perceive the intricacies of the orchid requires a microscope. برای **ملاحظه** پیچیدگی های ارکیده نیاز به یک میکروسکوپ است. Perceive is not used in the progressive. You say: I perceive a slight difference. ✗Don’t say: I am perceiving a slight difference. perceivable (Adj) perceivably (Adv) perceiver (N)
32
# Verb (Intrans) Perish | ˈperɪʃ ## Footnote PT: perished PP: perished PresP: perishing 3rd S: perishes
To die. ## Footnote To perish and end one's life without love is a human tragedy.
33
# Verb (Trans) Persecute | ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt ## Footnote PT: persecuted PP: persecuted PresP: persecuting 3rd S: persecutes
To oppress people because of their religious beliefs or race. **SYN: Harass** ## Footnote Like many celebrities, she complained of being persecuted by the press. persecutee (N) persecutive (Adj) persecutor (N) persecutory (Adj)
34
# Noun; Verb Petition | pəˈtɪʃən ## Footnote Noun Pl: petitions Verb PT: petitioned PP: petitioned PresP: petitioning 3rd S: petitions
**Noun** *An written document that is signed by man different of people in order to demand for a specific action from the government or other official authority.* **Verb (Trans & Intrans)** *To give of address a petition to someone who is in a position of authority.* | تقاضا دادن، نامه ی حاوی عرضحال یا دادخواست، طومار ## Footnote 1. Local residents have **drawn up** a **petition** to protest the hospital closure. 2. They wanted me to **sign** a **petition** against experiments on animals. petitionary (Adj)
35
# n., v. Phase | feɪz
**Noun** A distinct period of stage in the development of something. **Verb (Trans)** To organize or prepare something in stages.
36
# Adj. n., v. Phony | ˈfoʊni
**Adjective** False and used to mislead. **Noun** A person or thing that is phony. **Verb (Trans)** To make something seem to be true when in reality it is false.
37
# n., v. Pinnacle | ˈpɪnəkəl
**Noun** A person, place or thing's highest point or level. **Verb (Trans)** To present something with a pinnacle. | اوج، قله نوک تیز به اوج رساندن یا رسیدن، به حد اعلای چیزی رسیدن، ## Footnote She had **reached the pinnacle** of her political career.
38
# n. Pint | paɪnt
A measurement of a liquid.
39
# n., v. Plague | pleɪɡ
**Noun:** 1. A disease that is infects and kills many people in a short amount of time because it spreads incredibly quickly. 2. The bubonic plague. **Verb (Trans):** To cause immense trouble, hardship, or pain to someone frequently. | افت، طاعون، سرایت مرض، دچار طاعون کردن، بستوه اوردن، ازار رساندن ## Footnote The plague caused 100,000 deaths in London alone in the 1600s. طاعون تنها در لندن در دهه 1600 باعث مرگ 100000 نفر شد.
40
# n. Plaintiff | ˈpleɪntɪf
A person who initiates a lawsuit against another person. **SYN: complainant** | مدعی، شاکی، خواهان
41
# Adj. Plane | pleɪn
The flat or level surface of a material. | مسطح، تخت
42
# n. Platform | ˈplætfɔːrm
A stage that has been elevated so that performers can be seen more easily by the audience. | سطح مذاکره، کف کلفت، بلندی قسمتی از کف سالن یا محلی، سطح فکر
43
# Adj. Plausible | ˈplɒːzəbəl
Seeming to be true because there is no evidence to contradict its validity. | پذیرفتنی، باور کردنی، محتمل، قابل استماع
44
# v. Plead | pliːd
To make an urgent and sincere supplication. | لابه کردن، درخواست دادن، درخواست کردن، در دادگاه اقامه یا ادعا کردن ## Footnote Civil rights groups pleaded for government help. گروه های حقوق مدنی از دولت درخواست کمک کردند.
45
Plus | plʌs
**Preposition:** Used to show the addition of one thing to another. **Adjective:** Demonstrating or involving the use of addition. **Noun:** A positive quantity.
46
# n. Pneumonia | nʊˈmoʊniə
An infection attacking the lungs that causes inflammation in the lungs.
47
Polygon | ˈpɑːlɪɡɑːn
figure.
48
# n., v. Pop | pɑːp
**Noun:** A sudden, sharp, bursting sound. **Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To make or cause something to make a sudden, sharp and bursting sound. | انفجار، مشروبات گاز دار، زدن، ترکاندن، ترکیدن، با صدا ترکیدن
49
# n. Porcelain
A hard transparent material made out of ceramic than is used for making various types of items.
50
# n. Pornography | pɔːrˈnɑːɡrəfi
Materials such as written documents or photographs that contains sexually explicit images or words.
51
# Adj. Potent | ˈpoʊtənt
Very powerful, strong, and vigorous. ## Footnote a **potent symbol** of oppression نمادی قدرتمند از ظلم و ستم
52
# n. Pottery | ˈpɒ:təri
Items that are molded or shaped out of clay that has been moistened and then heated to be hardened.
53
# n., Adj., v. Power | ˈpaʊə
**Noun:** 1. The capacity, skill, or capability to do something. 2. Control and authority over others and their actions. 3. Physical strength or force. **Adjective:** Receiving power from an engine using electrical energy or fuel, instead of depending on manual labor. **Verb (Trans & Intrans)** To give power to something.
54
# n. Precaution | prɪˈkɒːʃən
A caution taken to safeguard someone from an unfortunate event. | پیش بینی، احتیاط، ژرفی، حزم، اقدام احتیاطی، احتیاط کردن ## Footnote Vets **took precautions** to prevent the spread of the disease. دامپزشکان برای جلوگیری از شیوع این بیماری اقدامات احتیاطی انجام دادند. In everyday English, people usually say **just in case** rather than **as a precaution**: I'm going to take my umbrella just in case.
55
# n. Precipitation | prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən
Rain, snow, or hail made by the condensation of moisture in the atmosphere and which then falls to the ground. | ته نشینی، دست پاچگی، بارش Mnemonic: "Please Remember, Every Cloud Initiates Precipitation - It's The Atmospheric Transformation Inducing Our Nourishment". This creates an image of the process of rain or snow forming and falling from clouds to nourish the Earth.
56
# n. Precursor | prɪˈkɜːrsər ## Footnote Formal
A person, thing, or event that is often considered to lead to the development of other things because it came before all. | پیشرو ## Footnote a precursor of modern jazz
57
# n. Predator | ˈpredətər
that hunts, kills, and eats other organism for its survival. | تغذیه کننده از شکار، شکارگر ## Footnote a sexual predator
58
# n. Predisposition | ˌpriːdɪspəˈzɪʃən
A vulnerability to a specific disease due to hereditary or other factors. | استعداد، امادگی، تمایل قبلی ## Footnote a **predisposition *towards*** alcoholism تمایل به اعتیاد به الکل
59
# n., v. Preface | ˈprefɪs
**Noun:** The introductory section of a written document or speech with a commentary on features of the text like the author's intentions. **Verb (Trans):** To introduce an action, speech, or piece of written text with something. | اغاز، سراغاز، دیباچه، مقدمه، پیش گفتار، دیباچه نوشتن ## Footnote The book is prefaced by a quotation from Faulkner. پیشگفتار کتاب با نقل قولی از فاکنر آغاز شده است.
60
# n. Preferential | ˌprefəˈrenʃəl
Giving benefits or precedence to a specific individual or group of individuals. | تبعیض آمیز، مقدم ## Footnote preferential credit terms for reliable borrowers شرایط اعتبار ترجیحی برای وام گیرندگان قابل اعتماد
61
# Adj. Premature | 'priːməˈtʃʊr◂
Happening or developing earlier than normally expected. | نارس، زودرس، پیش از موقع، بدموقع ## Footnote his premature death due to cancer
62
# n., Adj. Premium | ˈpriːmiəm
**Noun:** The total amount of money paid in return for an insurance policy. **Adjective:** Of very good quality. | گرانتر، اضافه تر، حق بیمه، پاداش عمل، اعلاء ## Footnote Consumers are prepared to **pay a premium** for organically grown vegetables.
63
# Adj. Preoccupied | priːˈɒ:kjəpaɪd
Thinking excessively about something or someone so that it takes up all of a person's thoughts. | مجذوب، کاملا در فکر چیزی ## Footnote He’s completely preoccupied with all the wedding preparations at the moment.
64
# n. Prestige | preˈstiːʒ
Honor or respected that is successful, or prominent person or product. | اعتبار، نفوذ، آبرو، قدر و منزلت، حیثیت ## Footnote 1. The king wanted to **enhance** his **prestige** through war. 2. This little-known British firm has now **gained** considerable **prestige**.
65
# n. Prevalence | ˈprevələns
The state of occurring frequently or being common. | شیوع، پخش، نفوذ، رواج، غلبه ## Footnote the prevalence of deafness in older age groups
66
# Adj. Previous | ˈpriːviəs
Happening before something or someone else.
67
# n. Prey | preɪ
An animal that is hunted by other animals in order to be used as food. **OPP: Preditor**
68
# n. Primate | ˈpraɪmeɪt
Members of the mammal order which are characterized by having large brains and complex hands and feet. | پیشوا، اسقف اعظم، راسته پستانداران نخستین پایه
69
Prime number
A number that can only be divided by itself and one.
70
# n. Primer | ˈpraɪmər
1. A textbook that contains simple stories and is used to teach very young children how to read. 2. A paint that is used to coat a surface before paint is applied to that surface. | کتاب الفباء، فشنگ، چاشنی، بتونه، مبادی اولیه ## Footnote a primer of good management techniques
71
# Adj. Primitive | ˈprɪmətɪv
Pertaining to or at the first stages of something. **OPP: advanced, modern** | انسان اولیه، پیشین، قدیم، اصلی، بدوی، اولیه ## Footnote The local hospital care is primitive and unreliable.
72
# Adj., n. Principal | ˈprɪnsəpəl
**Adjective:** Being of primary importance. **SYN: Main** **Noun:** A person who is the most important because he or she is most highly ranked. **SYN: headteacher** | مدیر، سالار، مایه، رئیس، مدیر مدرسه، سرمایه اصلی، مجرم اصلی
73
# n., v. Probe | proʊb
**Noun:** A detailed and comprehensive investigation. **Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To perform a detailed and comprehensive investigation. | کاوش، میله، تحقیق، کاوشگر، میله استحکام، اکتشاف جدید، تفحص و کاوش کردن ## Footnote Police probed claims that he had sold drugs.
74
# n. Proceeds | ˈproʊsiːdz ## Footnote Formal
The money derived from a commercial transaction. | درآمد (حاصل از فروش چیزی)، سود (حاصل از سرمایه گذاری و غیره) ## Footnote The proceeds of the concert will go to charity.
75
# n. Prodigy | ˈprɒ:dɪdʒi
A person who exhibits outstanding natural ability for something at a very early age. **SYN: Genius** | نابغه، چمراس، فرهمند، هرچیز معجزه آسا یا شگفت انگیز ## Footnote Mozart was a musical prodigy.
76
# v., n. Produce | prəˈduːs
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To manufacture or create something. **Noun:** Products like fruits and vegetables grown on a gram. | محصول، تولید کردن ## Footnote **fresh** local **produce** agricultural/organic/dairy[British] etc produce
77
# n. Product | ˈprɒ:dʌkt
Something that is manufactured or created by either a mechanical or natural processes in order to be sold.
78
# n., v. Profile | ˈproʊfaɪl
**Noun:** The side view of a person's face. **Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To present or present a short biography of someone. | ارائه شرح حال (مختصر و زنده) ، مقطع، نمایه، نیمرخ ## Footnote **The stock was favorably profiled in Friday’s edition of ‘Investor’s Daily’.**
79
# n., v. Profit | ˈprɒ:fɪt
**Noun:** The surplus of income over expenses during a specific time period. **Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To gain a profit from something.
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# n. Project | ˈprɒ:dʒekt
**Noun:** A plan that needs a lot of time and effort in order to be completed. **Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To extrapolate date in order to estimate something. | پیش‌بینی کردن، طرح، نقشه، پروژه، برجسته بودن، نقشه کشیدن، طرح ریزی کردن ## Footnote The company projected an annual growth rate of 3%. این شرکت رشد سالانه 3 درصدی را پیش بینی کرده است.
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Projected
Approximated or planned. | پیش بینی کرده
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# Adj. Pronounced | prəˈnaʊnst
Clearly seen or apparent. | چشمگیر، مشخص، تاکید شده، اظهار شده، اعلام شده، معلوم، قطعی ## Footnote This disability [gout] is more pronounced in men.
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# n. Property | ˈprɑːpərti
An item or object of value that is owned by someone. | مال
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# n., v. Prospect | ˈprɒ:spekt
**Noun:** A possibility or the likelihood that something will occur in the near future. **Noun (Plural):** The likelihood of being successful in the near future. **Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To explore an area in order to discover valuable minerals and resources. | چشمداشت، پیش بینی، انتظار، اکتشاف کردن، معدن کاوی کردن ## Footnote 1. The company is **prospecting *for*** gold in Alaska. 2. salesmen **prospecting *for*** new customers 2. I see **no prospect** of things improving here.
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# v. Prosper | ˈprɑːspər
To be financially or economically successful. | رونق داشتن (یا گرفتن) مالی ## Footnote Businesses across the state are prospering.
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# Adj. Prudent | ˈpruːdənt
Being sensible when dealing with realistic topics. | محتاط، معقول دوراندیش، محتاطانه، (عمل) دست به عصا، حساب شده، سنجیده ## Footnote It might be prudent to get a virus detector for the network. ممکن است عاقلانه باشد که یک ویروس یاب برای شبکه تهیه کنید. Mnemonic: "Plan Responsibly Undergoing Decisions, Ensure Nothing's Thoughtless". This emphasizes the careful planning and forethought that goes into being prudent.
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# v., n. Pry | praɪ
**Verb (Intransitive):** To ask too many unwarranted questions into a person's private life. **Noun:** The act of prying into a person's life. | فضولی کردن ## Footnote **I don’t want to pry**, but I need to ask you one or two questions.
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# n. Publicity | pʌˈblɪsəti
An activity like advertising that is created in order to stimulate public interest. | عمومیت، تبلیغات، علنی بودن ## Footnote The adverse publicity had damaged sales. تبلیغات نامطلوب به فروش آسیب رسانده بود.
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# n., v. Pulp | pʌlp
**Noun:** A soft or mushy mass. **Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To squash or crush something as to make it into a pulp. | حالت خمیری، بصورت تفاله دراوردن، خمیر کردن ## Footnote Unsold novels are sent to be pulped. **Pulp is usually passive.**
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# n., v. Pup | pʌp
**Noun:** A dog that has not reached the age of one yet. **SYN: puppy** **Verb (Intransitive):** To give birth to pups. | خود رای، توله سگ، بچه سگ ماهی، توله زاییدن ## Footnote a **litter of pups** (=several pups born to the same mother at the same time)
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# v., n. Purge | pɜːrdʒ
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To dispose of things that are impure, undesirable, or not wanted. **Noun:** The disposal of things that are impure, undesirable, or not wanted. | تصفیه سیاسی ## Footnote a purge of military commanders
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# v. Pursue | pərˈsuː
To go after or follow a person for an extended period of time, in order to capture or catch that person. | اتخاذ کردن، دنبال کردن، تعقیب کردن، پی گیری کردن، دنبال رفتن، در پی چیزی ## Footnote She plans to **pursue** a **career** in politics. او قصد دارد بدنبال شغلی در سیاست برود.
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# n. Pyramid | ˈpɪrəmɪd
An Egyptian tomb made from stone into a triangular shape.
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# n. Quadrant | ˈkwɒ:drənt
representative of one fourth of the circumference of a circle. | ربع، چهار گوش، ربع دایره، یک چهارم، ربع کره
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# n. Quadrilateral | ˌkwɒ:drəˈlætərəl
A geometric figure that is two dimensional and has four sides.
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# v., Adj. Quadruple | kwɑːˈdruːpəl
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To increase something as to make it four times as great. **Adjective:** Four times as great. **Noun:** A quantity that is four times as great as another quantity. | چهار لا، چهار تایی، چهار برابر، چهار برابر کردن
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# v. Qualify | ˈkwɒ:lɪfaɪ
To have or provide a person with the capacity or feature that is necessary for a specific activity.
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# n. Rabies | ˈreɪbiːz
A viral disease, often fatal, that affects the central nervous systems of warm blooded animals that causes convulsion and strange behavior. | بیماری هاری، گزیدگی سگ هار ## Footnote **Rabies is followed by a *singular* verb**: Rabies is almost always fatal if not treated early.
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Raccoon | ræˈkuːn
A small ring-tailed mammal indigenous to North and Central American forests that is characterized by having grayish black fur and black fur patches surrounding the eyes.
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# Adj, Racist | ˈreɪsɪst
Founded on notions and stereotypes pertaining to race.
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Radiant | ˈreɪdiən
A unit of angular measurement that is equal to the angle between two radii that surround a section of a circle's circumference. | رادیان، زاویه مرکزی قوس دایره، واحد اندازه گیری سطح زاویه دار
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# n. Radius | ˈreɪdiəs
A straight line that extend from the center of a circle to the edges.
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# n., v. Rage | reɪdʒ
**Noun:** Impulsive and intense anger. **Verb (Intransitive):** To state or do something with impulsive and intense anger. | دیوانگی، خشم، غضب، غیظ، غضب کردن، خروشیدن، خشمگین شدن ## Footnote Richens was 17 when he **flew into a rage** and stabbed another teenager. ریچنز 17 ساله بود که عصبانی شد و نوجوان دیگری را با چاقو زد.
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# Adj. Rare | rer
Not occurring very often. | لطیف، خام، نادر، کمیاب، کم، نیم پخته عالی، استثنایی، بی نظیر، کم سان
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# n. Ratio | ˈreɪʃoʊ
A proportional relationship between two different numbers or amounts.
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# n. Real estate
Land or property owned by someone.
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# n. Realtor | ˈrɪəltər
A person who sells properties. | دلال معاملات ملکی
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# v. Rear | rɪr
To bring up and care for young children or animals until they have fully grown. **SYN: raise** | عقب، دنبال، پشت، تربیت کردن، پروردن ## Footnote The birds have been successfully reared in captivity. پرندگان در اسارت با موفقیت پرورش یافته اند.
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# v., n. Recall | ˈriːkɒːl
**Verb (Trans & Intrans)** To cancel or revoke a decision or instruction. **Noun:** A person's ability or memory to remember events. | بیاد اوردن، پس گرفتن، لغو کردن ## Footnote the recall of their ambassador
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# n., v. Receipt | rɪˈsiːt
**Noun:** A written acknowledgment or receipt that something has been paid for. **Verb (Trans & Intrans):** To acknowledge, with a signature, the payment of an invoice. | رسید، اعلام وصول، قبض، وصول کردن، رسید دادن، اعلام وصول نمودن ## Footnote Formal: the closing date for receipt of applications
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# n. Receptor | rɪˈseptər
A physiological nerve ending that is responsive to stimuli and has the ability to convert the stimulus into an impulse.
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# n. Rectangle | ˈrektæŋɡəl
A figure with four sides and four right angles.
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Rectangular prism
Having the shape of a rectangle.
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# v. Reduce | rɪˈduːs
To make something decrease in size, amount, or extent.
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# Adj., n. Reflex | ˈriːfleks
**Adjective:** In physiology, happening automatically and involuntarily as a result of the nervous system's reaction to a stimulus. **Noun:** A physiological involuntary response to a stimulus. | واکنش، عکس العمل غیرارادی
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# v., n. Refund | ˈriːfʌnd
**Verb (Trans):** To return money to a person for a product purchased. **Noun:** An amount of money that is returned to a person for a product purchased.
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# n. Regimen | ˈredʒɪmɪn ## Footnote Formal
A medical program designed to improve a person's health. **SYN: regime**
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# n., v. Regiment | ˈredʒəmənt
**Noun:** A military unit made up of two or three battalions of ground troops separated into smaller troops and under the leadership of one colonel. **Verb (Trans):** To impose strict control on a person, place, or thing. | شدیدا کنترل کردن، مثل سرباز رفتار کردن (با)، هنگ ## Footnote the regimental commander
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# n., v. Reign | reɪn
**Noun:** The period of time when a person rules a nation. **Verb (Intransitive):** To govern over a nation. | سلطنت، حکمفرمایی، حکمرانی، حکومت، حکمفرما بودن، پادشاهی، سلطه، تسلط ## Footnote 1. For several minutes **confusion reigned**. 2. George VI reigned from 1936 to 1952.
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# v. Reimburse | ˌriːəmˈbɜːrs ## Footnote Formal
To pay someone back money that has been spent on an official or approved reason. | باز پرداخت کردن ## Footnote reimburse *somebody* **for** *something* The company will reimburse you *for* travel expenses.
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# v. Relay | ˈriːleɪ
To pass on an object or information to someone else. **SYN: pass on** | بازگو کردن ## Footnote relay *something* **to** *somebody* He quickly relayed this news to the other members of staff.
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# Adj. Reluctant | rɪˈlʌktənt
Unwilling to do something or uncooperative. | مخالف، بی میل
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# n. Remainder | rɪˈmeɪndər
The leftovers from something.
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# n., v. Remedy | ˈremədi
**Noun:** * A cure. **Verb (Trans):** * To fix or set something right. **SYN: Set right** | چاره، دارو، درمان، درمان کردن، اصلاح کردن، تعمیر کردن، جبران کردن ## Footnote To remedy the situation, the water must be chemically treated.
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# v. Replicate | ˈreplɪkeɪt ## Footnote Formal
To reproduce an act or an object. | گرداندن، (به ویژه آزمایش های علمی) تکرار کردن، به نتیجه ی مشابه رسیدن، ## Footnote There is a need for further research to replicate these findings.
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Reptilian
Relating to reptiles or any of the characters associated with it such as lack of emotion or suspicious behavior.
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# n. Reservation | ˌrezərˈveɪʃən
1. A booking that was prearranged or made beforehand. 2. The act of withholding something.
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# v. Resign | rɪˈzaɪn
1. To give up a job or position. 2. To accept something reluctantly.
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# Adj. Responsive | rɪˈspɒ:nsɪv
1. Reacting positively. 2. Responding to something.
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# n., Adj., v. Retail | ˈriːteɪl
1. Selling of goods in small amounts. 2. In small amounts. 3. To sell something. | خرده فروشی، جز، جزئی، خرده فروشی کردن
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# n. Revenue | ˈrevənuː
1. Money that a business makes. 2. Income that a government makes. 3. Personal income.
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# v. Revise | rɪˈvaɪz
1. To change opinion about someone or something. 2. To alter or correct something.
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# v. Revitalize | riːˈvaɪtəlaɪz
To revive or give new life to somebody or something. | باز زنده ساختن، قدرت و زندگی تازه دادن، احیا کردن ## Footnote They hope to revitalize the neighborhood by providing better housing. آنها امیدوارند با تهیه مسکن بهتر، این محله را احیا کنند.
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# n. Revival | rɪˈvaɪvəl
1. Renewal of popularity of something. 2. New productions of something. | تقویت، تجدید قوا، تمدید، احیا، استقرار مجدد
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# n. Rhombus | ˈrɒ:mbəs
Also called a rhomb.
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# n. Rib | rɪb
1. Curved bone of the chest extending from the vertebrae, forming a cavity housing vital organs in many vertebrates. 2. A cut of meat that contains ribs. 3. A teasing comment or action meant as a joke. | **دنده**، ضلع، گوشت دنده، سر به سر گذاشتن
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# n. Ribosome | ˈrībəˌsōm
A submicroscopic cluster of proteins and RNA that takes part in the manufacture of proteins.
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Right angle
A 90° angle.
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# v. Rinse | rɪns
1. To lightly clean something in a liquid, especially clean water. 2. To flush the mouth with water. | شستشو، با آب پاک کردن، با آب شستن
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# n. Rival | ˈraɪvəl
1. A competing group or person. 2. Somebody equal or better. 3. To equal or surpass.
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# n. Robin | ˈrɒ:bɪn
A large North American thrush with a rust-colored breast.
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# n. Rodent | ˈroʊdənt
A small gnawing mammal such as a mouse, rat, or squirrel.
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# n. Roller coaster
1. An amusement park ride with a narrow rail track shaped into extreme peaks and troughs with sharp bends. 2. A situation with extreme highs and lows. ## Footnote Their relationship was an emotional roller coaster.
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# adverb, preposition Round | raʊnd
A grammatical word indicating that a circle of people, a place, or an object surrounds or encloses something.
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# n. Runner | ˈrʌnər
1. Somebody or something that runs, especially an athlete. 2. Somebody entered as a candidate in an election.
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Sale price
The discounted price at which people can purchase.
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# n. Saliva | səˈlaɪvə
The clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands. **SYN: spit** | بزاق
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# n. Sandwich | ˈsænwɪtʃ
1. A snack or light meal usually made of two slices of bread with a filling, or a single slice of bread with a topping. 2. To fit something or somebody tightly between two other things. | ساندویچ، ساندویچ درست کردن، در تنگنا قرار دادن
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# Adj. Sanitary | ˈsænətəri
1. Relating to public healthy, especially the removal of human waste through the sewage system. 2. Clean and hygienic. | بهداشتی ## Footnote a prison with no proper **sanitary facilities** (=toilets)
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# n. Sap | sæp
1. A water liquid that circulates through the tissues of a plant. 2. To drain a plant of sap. 3. An offensive term to deliberately insult somebody's intelligence and judgment. **SYN: weaken** | عصاره، شیره، شیره گیاهی، شیره کشیدن از ## Footnote Her long illness was gradually sapping Charlotte’s strength.
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# n., v. Scale | skeɪl
1. A device on which something or somebody can be weighed. 2. To weigh something or somebody.
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# v. Scan | skæn
1. To subject something to a thorough examination. 2. To search a region using a radar. 3. Obtain an image of internal organs with any of various devices.
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# v. Scatter | ˈskætər
To throw things around so they land with an irregular distribution over a relatively wide area. | پراکنده شدن، پراکنده وپریشان کردن، افشاندن، پخش کردن، متفرق کردن ## Footnote The sound of gunfire made the crowd scatter in all directions. صدای تیراندازی باعث شد جمعیت به هر طرف پراکنده شود.
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# n. Scenario | səˈnerioʊ
1. An imagined sequence of possible events. 2. An outline of a plot
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# n. School | skuːl
1. A building or institution in which students are taught. 2. An educational department specializing in an academic subject
156
# n. Scrap | skræp
1. A small piece or remnant that has been detached or torn off from a larger piece. 2. Waste material, especially metal awaiting reprocessing. 3. Pieces of leftover food. 4. To discard or discontinue something because it is considered useless or ineffective. | تکه، پاره، اوراق، قراضه، ماشین الات اوراق، اوراق کردن، دور انداختن ## Footnote **Scrap metal** (=metal from old cars, machines etc) fetched high prices after the war.
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# n. Screen | skriːn
1. A fixed or movable partition or frame used to conceal, divide, separate, or provide shelter. 2. A frame with a fine wire or plastic mesh. 3. The computing data displayed on monitor. 4. A surface for projecting a movie onto. | پرده سینما، صفحه تلویزیون، تور سیمی، تخته حفاظ، پنجره توری دار، سپر
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# Adj. Secular | ˈsekjələr
Not concerned with a religious or spiritual matter.
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# Adj., v. Secure | sɪˈkjʊr
1. Untroubled by feelings of feat, doubt, or vulnerability. 2. Firmly fixed or placed in position and unlikely to come loose or give way. 3. Reliable and unlikely to fail. 4. Safe, especially against attack or theft.
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# n. Sedan | sɪˈdæn
1. Enclosed chair carried by porters at the front and rear on two long poles passed through handles on the sides of the box. 2. A car with a fully enclosed passenger compartment, a permanent roof, two or four doors, front and rear seats, and a separate trunk.
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# n. Segment | ˈseɡmənt
Any one of the parts or sections into which an object or group is divided.
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# n. Seminar | ˈsemənɑːr
A single session or short meeting devoted to presentations on and discussion of a particular topic, usually at an advanced or professional level.
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# Adj. Sensational | senˈseɪʃənəl
1. Exceptionally good. 2. Attracting a great deal of attention and interest. 3. Connected with the senses. | موثر، مهیج، احساساتی، حسی، شورانگیز ## Footnote a sensational discovery یک کشف هیجان انگیز
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# n. Session | ˈseʃən
1. Meeting or series of meetings of an official body. 2. Period of time in which people are doing something together. | مجلس، جلسه، نشست، دوره تحصیلی
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# v. Set | set
1. To place something at a place. 2. To cause something to happen.
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# v. Shave | ʃeɪv
1. Removing hair with a razor. 2. Barely touch. | مالیدن و رد شدن، (سهام و اوراق قرضه) تخفیف بیشتر حد معمول دادن
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# n. Shelter | ˈʃeltər
1. A structure that provides cover or security. 2. A refuge. 3. An establishment that looks after unwanted or lost animals. ## Footnote 1. ساختاری که پوشش یا امنیت را فراهم می کند. 2. پناهگاه. 3. مؤسسه ای که از حیوانات ناخواسته یا گم شده مراقبت می کند.
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# v. Shift | ʃɪft
1. To move something or someone into a different position. 2. To change gears
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# n. Shuttle | ˈʃʌtl
1. A device used for weaving. 2. The route taken or vehicle used during transportation. | شاتل، وسیله ی نقلیه ی آمد و شد
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# n. Side | saɪd
The perimeter of something
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# n. Skeptic | ˈskeptɪk
Someone who doubts something is true.
172
# n. Sketch | ˈskeptɪk
1. A picture that was drawn quickly without detail. 2. Rough description of something. 3. Short performance.
173
# n. Skull | skʌl
The bone in the head.
174
# n. Slice | slaɪs
A piece that is cut from something.
175
# v. Slip | slɪp
1. Move slowly. 2. To lose your footing or grip. | لیز خوردن، لغزید، آهسته حرکت کردن ## Footnote One man managed to slip from the club as police arrived. با رسیدن پلیس، یک مرد موفق شد از باشگاه بگریزد
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# n. Slope | sloʊp
Slanted ground.
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# v. Smear | smɪr
1. Spread. 2. To deliberately defame. | لکه، چرک، اغشتن، الودن، بدنام و لکه دار کردن عمدی ## Footnote an attempt to smear the party leadership تلاش برای لکه دار کردن رهبری حزب
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# n. Smog | smɒːɡ
Thick dirty fog from pollutants.
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# v. Solicit | səˈlɪsɪt
To try to get something by pleading. | التماس کردن، تقاضا کردن ## Footnote 1. Morgan is accused of illegally soliciting campaign contributions. 2. The governor sent two officials to Mexico City to solicit aid from the president. (solicit **something** *from* **somebody**)
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# n. Solution | səˈluːʃən
1. Method of resolving a problem. 2. A fluid with something dissolved in it.
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# Adj. Sophisticated | səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd
Cultured and knowledgeable. | مصنوعی، تصنعی، غیر طبیعی، در سطح بالا، خبره وماهر، مشکل وپیچیده
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# n. Span | spæn
1. Distance between two things. 2. Period of time.
183
# n. Spark | spɑːrk
A small particle. | جرقه ## Footnote The scrape of metal on metal sent up a shower of sparks. خراش فلز روی فلز بارانی از جرقه ها را برانگیخت.
184
# Adj. Spatial | ˈspeɪʃəl
Having to do with space.
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# Adj. Specific | spəˈsɪfɪk
1. Precise. 2. Distinctive | مشخص، خاص، مخصوص، خصوصی، ویژه، بخصوص
186
# n. Spectator | ˈspekteɪtər
A person who watches, but does not participate, especially in a show or game. | ناظر، تماشاگر، بیننده
187
# n. Speed | spiːd
The rate at which something moves.
188
# v. Spell | spel
To name the letters of a word.
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# n. Sphere | sfɪr
1. Globe or something of that shape. 2. Field of knowledge. 3. Area of influence. | قلمرو، رشته، کره، فلک، حدود فعالیت، دایره معلومات
190
# n. Spine | spaɪn
1. Vertebrate; the vertical bones along one's back. 2. The vertical back of a book. ## Footnote به اون قسمت کون کتاب هم می‌گن که خیلی مهمه بدونی
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# Adj. Spiteful | ˈspaɪtfəl
Showing maliciousness **SYN: vicious, unkind** ## Footnote She was spiteful and unkind, both to Isabel and to her son.
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# n. Sponsor | ˈspɑːnsər
1. Somebody responsible for someone else. 2. A financial contributor for an event.
193
# n. Spray | spreɪ
1. Liquid particles as a mist. 2. A container for dispensing liquid mist.
194
# n., Adj. Square | skwer
1. Geometrical shape that has four sides of equal length and four angles of 90 degrees. 2. A derogatory term towards unfashionable people. **SYN: nerd**
195
Square root
Number multiplied together producing a given number.
196
# n. Stage | steɪdʒ
1. Step in a process. 2. A theater.
197
# Adj. Stale | steɪl
No longer fresh. **OPP: Fresh** | مانده، بوی ناگرفته، بیات ## Footnote If you stay in the job for more than ten years, you **get stale**. اگر بیش از ده سال در این شغل بمانید،خرفت و بی خلاقیت می شوید.
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# n. Staple | ˈsteɪpəl
used to fasten stacks of paper. | فقره اصلی
199
# Adj. Steep | stiːp
1. Sloping sharply. 2. Hard or taxing. | سرازیر، تند، سراشیب، گزاف، فرو کردن، خیساندن، اشباع کردن، شیب دادن
200
# n. Stench | stentʃ
Horrible smell. **SYN: Stink** | بوی بد، گند، بوی زننده، تعفن، دود یا بوی قوی ## Footnote a government filled with the stench of corruption دولتی پر از بوی (گوه) فساد