401 to 600 Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
n.
Conversion
kənˈvɜːrʒən
A
An alteration or change in the nature, shape, or operation of something.
2
Q
v., n.
Convert
kənˈvɜːrt
A
Verb (Trans & Intrans):
To alter the nature or shape of something, or to be altered in nature or shape.
Noun:
A person who has discontinued one belief and adapted another one.
تبدیل، نوکیش، گراییده
a convert to Christianity
3
Q
n.
Conviction
kənˈvɪkʃən
A
A faith or view that is strongly held.
| محکومیت
4
Q
n.
Corridor
ˈkɔːrədər
A
A route between divisions in a building, often with rooms opening onto it.
5
Q
v., n.
Cost
kɒːst
A
Verb (Trans):
To demand the payment of a specified amount of money.
Noun:
An amount of money paid in exchange for something.
6
Q
adverb, adjective
Counterclockwise
ˌkaʊntərˈklɑːkwaɪz◂
A
Movement in the direction opposite to the direction that the hands of a clock move.
7
Q
n.
Coupon
ˈkuːpɒ:n
A
A coupon that gives a person either a discount, refund, or gift.
8
Q
n.
Coyote
ˈkaɪ-oʊt
A
A meat eating canine mammal from North America with similar characteristics of the wolf except that is smaller in
size.
9
Q
v., n., Adj.
Crack
kræk
A
Verb (Trans & Intrans)
To break something apart, into pieces.
Noun
A flaw in something such that it looks like a split or fine line.
Adjective
Trained to an extreme degree of competence.
10
Q
Adj.
Cramped
kræmpt
A
Being small and confining in such a way that is either not convenient or not comfortable.
(به خاطر شلوغی یا انباشتگی) کم جا، تنگ، شلوغ، چپانده، به هم چپیده
The troops slept in cramped conditions with up to 20 in a single room.
11
Q
n.
Crater
ˈkreɪtər
A
impression made by a volcanic eruption.
دهانه اتش فشان، دهانه کوه های ماه
12
Q
n., v.
Credit
ˈkredɪt
A
Noun:
Admiration or acknowledgement for something that has been done or accomplished.
Verb (Trans):
To recognize something is true.
To Jamie’s credit, he remained calm.
13
Q
n., v.
Critique
krɪˈtiːk
A
Noun:
An assessment of a creative work, usually either written or broadcast, with observations of the good and bad qualities of the creative work.
Verb (Trans):
To assess something, usually a creative work, giving observation of the work’s good and bad qualities.
14
Q
Adj.
Crucial
ˈkruːʃəl
A
Crucial to the result of something.
بسیار مهم، حیاتی
15
Q
v., n.
Crumple
ˈkrʌmpəl
A
Verb (Trans & Intrans):
To make something become full or different shaped groove and wrinkles.
Noun:
A groove or wrinkle in something.
مچاله کردن، از اطو انداختن
16
Q
v., n.
Crunch
krʌntʃ
A
Verb (Trans & Intrans):
To mash hard food with the teeth and making noise while doing so.
Noun:
A noisy short noise made by crushing something.
Adjective:
Needing a result or action.
جویدن، گام برداشتن، (صدا) قرچ، صدای خرد کردن یا خرد شدن چیزی زیر دندان،
17
Q
n., v.
Crusade
kruːˈseɪd
A
Noun:
1. Military missions made European Christians in the 11th and 13th centuries to take possession of areas that were captured by Muslim forces.
2. A dynamic joint effort to promote or get rid of something.
Verb (Intransitive):
To make a dynamic or joint effort to promote or get rid of something. SYN: campaign
جنگ صلیبی، جنگ مذهبی، جهاد کردن، پیکار
He seems to be running a one-man crusade against cigarette smoking.
crusade against/for
18
Q
n., v.
Cube
kjuːb
A
Noun:
A hard figure made up or six identical square plane faces which are set at right angles to each other.
Verb (Trans):
To multiply a number by itself twice.
19
Q
v.
Culminate
ˈkʌlməneɪt
A
To reach the pinnacle or highest point of development, or to bring something to this point.
اوج رسیدن، بحد اکثر ارتفاع رسیدن، بحد اعلی رسیدن، منتج شدن
culminate in/with something
20
Q
n.
Culpability
ˌkʌlpəˈbɪləti
Uncountable
A
Worthy of guilt or reprimand for doing something wrong.
مجرمیت، قابلیت مجازات
Both parties were held to be to some extent culpable.
Formal: deserving blame
21
Q
n.
Cultivation
ˌkʌltəˈveɪʃən
A
The preparation of land for the purpose of planting, growing, and harvesting either crops or plants.
22
Q
n., v.
Curb
kɜːrb
A
Noun
- A row of concrete or rocks that form the edge of a path.
- Something that limits or restrains something else.
Verb (Trans)
To limit or restrain something.
ممانعت کردن
We are trying to keep a curb on their activities.
23
Q
Cure-all
A
A cure or remedy that is thought to be able to heal every illness or problem.
24
Q
n.
Curriculum
kəˈrɪkjələm
A
The topics taught at a school, or the issues taught in a particular topic.
25
# v.
Customize
| ˈkʌstəmaɪz
To change something to be able to make it suit a person's requirements better.
26
# n.
Cylinder
| ˈsɪləndər
A figure with straight sides and round shaped ends of the same size.
27
# n.
Debris
| ˈdebriː
Pieces of an object that has been shattered or broken.
## Footnote
She was hit by **flying debris** from the blast.
28
# n., v.
Debut
| ˈdeɪbjuː
**Noun:**
The first public showing or presentation of an artist, performer, or program.
**Verb (Trans):**
To formally or public ally present or act something out for the first time.
29
# v., n.
Decay
| dɪˈkeɪ
**Verb (Trans & Intrans)**
To rot, or make something rot, and become soft, flaky, or fluid like.
**Noun**
1. A decrease in quality.
2. The biological process of decomposing and rotting.
| فساد، خرابی، پوسیدگی،
## Footnote
Most archaeological finds are broken, damaged, or decayed.
30
# Adj., n.
Decimal
| ˈdesəməl
**Adjective:**
The use of the number ten as a base and counted or organized in sets of ten.
**Noun:**
A number conveyed in a counting system that uses sets of ten.
31
Decimal point
A written or printed round imprint that separates the whole numbers from the tenths, hundredths, and smaller divisions of ten.
32
# v., n.
Decrease
| dɪˈkriːs
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To diminish or make something diminish in size, force, or quantity.
**Noun:**
The process of *diminishing*, or making smaller.
33
# v.
Deduct
| dɪˈdʌkt
To take away an amount for a purpose.
**SYN: subtract**
34
# n.
Defendant
| dɪˈfendənt
A person, party, or organization obligated to respond to criminal or civil charges in court.
**plaintiff SYN: prisoner**
## Footnote
We find the defendant not guilty.
35
# Adj.
Imperial
| ɪmˈpɪriəl
Pertaining to or concerning an empire or its leader.
## Footnote
Britain’s imperial expansion in the 19th century
36
# Adj.
Impersonal
| ɪmˈpɜːrsənəl
Not pertaining to one single person or showing the specific personality of that person but instead centering on facts or events.
## Footnote
Business letters do not have to be impersonal and formal.
37
# v., n.
Implant
| ɪmˈplænt
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To establish something deeply in a person's mind as a way of behaving, belief, or idea.
**Noun:**
A thing that is placed or implanted during a surgical procedure into an organ or a tissue.
## Footnote
**implant something *in* something**
A deep sense of patriotism had been implanted in him by his father.
38
# Adj.
Implicit
| ɪmˈplɪsɪt
Not directly stated, but instead implied.
| تلویحی، ضمنی، غیر مستقیم
## Footnote
Confidentiality is implicit in your relationship with a counselor.
39
Improper fraction
A fraction where the numerator equals of is bigger than the denominator.
40
# Adj.
Incompatible
| ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl◂
Not being capable of living, working, or getting along with a person or a thing because of fundamental differences.
## Footnote
Politeness and truth are often **mutually incompatible**.
41
# v., Adj.
Incorporate
| ɪnˈkɔːrpəreɪt
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To join or unite something new with something that has already been made or constructed.
**Adjective:**
Combined into a unified whole.
## Footnote
Our original proposals were not incorporated in the new legislation.
پیشنهادات اولیه ما در قانون جدید گنجانده نشد.
42
# n.
Increment
| ˈɪŋkrəmənt
A regular or planned raise or addition to the amount or size of something.
## Footnote
a salary of £18,000, with **annual increments** of 2.5%
43
# Adj., n.
Incumbent
| ɪnˈkʌmbənt
## Footnote
Formal
**Adjective:**
Required as a consequence of a duty, obligation, or responsibility.
**Noun:**
A person that is presently holding an official office like in a political organization or church.
## Footnote
In the June elections, Morris easily defeated the incumbent, Tom Smith.
44
# Adj., n.
Indigent
| ˈɪndɪdʒənt
## Footnote
Formal
**Adjective:**
Not having the fundamental necessities of life like food, shelter, and clothing.
**Noun:**
A person that is incredibly poor.
45
# v.
Indulge
| ɪnˈdʌldʒ
To permit or allow someone or yourself to perform or have something that is pleasurable.
| سختگیری نکردن
## Footnote
His mother spoiled him, indulging his every whim.
46
# Adj.
Inept
| ɪˈnept
Not having the ability to perform a specific job.
**OPP: capable, skilful**
47
# n.
Infancy
| ˈɪnfənsi
The period of time that describes a child before it is able to walk or talk.
48
# v.
Infest
| ɪnˈfest
To take over a place in large numbers and therefore pose a threat or become harmful.
| هجوم آوردن، (به ویژه در مورد حشرات یا چیزهای ناخوشایند و انگل)
## Footnote
The kitchen was infested with cockroaches.
49
# n.
Infirmary
| ɪnˈfɜːrməri
A place within an institution like a hospital where the sick and injured are taken care of.
50
# v.
Ingest
| ɪnˈdʒest
To swallow or absorb something like food or liquid into the body.
51
# n.
Inhalation
| ɪnˈheɪl
A breath taken in through the nose or mouth into the lungs.
52
# Adj.
Inherent
| ɪnˈhərənt
Not able to be considered separate from the nature or something because it is born from within.
53
# Adj..
Inherited
| ɪnˈherɪt
To become the proprietor of a thing after a person has died.
| موروثى قانون ـ فقه : موروث روانشناسى : ارثى
54
In-house
Operating, belonging to, or located within a business or organization.
55
# Adj.
Inhumane
| ˌɪnhjuːˈmeɪn
Being void of kindness, and producing extreme pain.
| the inhumane treatment of political prisoners
56
# Adj., n.
Initial
| ɪˈnɪʃəl
**Adjective:**
Present at the start of an event or procedure, or present first.
**Noun:**
The first letter or the name of a person, place, or organization.
57
# Adj.
Innate
| ˌɪˈneɪt◂
Pertaining to traits or features that a person or animal is born with.
58
# n., v.
Input
| ˈɪnpʊt
**Noun:**
A comment, suggestion, or other type of contribution made to a group of people.
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To help someone make a decision by contributing information.
59
# n.
Insight
| ˈɪnsaɪt
The skill to see clearly or perceptively into the nature of a complicated person, thing, or situation.
60
# n.
Installation
| ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃən
The act of installing machinery or equipment in place and making it ready for use.
61
# Adj.
Instantaneous
| ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs◂
Happening instantly or almost instantly.
| فوری، انی
62
# v.
Instil
| ɪnˈstɪl
To gradually imprint thoughts, teaching, or ideas on a person's mind.
| اهسته القاء کردن
## Footnote
A manager’s job is to instil determination into his players.
**Instil confidence/fear/discipline etc into somebody**
63
# Adj.
Intact
| ɪnˈtækt
Whole and undamaged.
| دست نخورده، سالم، صدمه ندیده
## Footnote
Only the medieval tower had **remained intact**.
His reputation **survived intact**.
64
# n.
Intake
| ˈɪnteɪk
An quantity of something that is consumed or taken in.
| ورودی، پذیرش
65
# n.
Integer
| ˈɪntədʒər
A whole number that is either zero, negative, or
positive.
66
# v.
Integrate
| ˈɪntɪɡreɪt
To become an accepted affiliate of a group and its activities, or to help someone do this.
| گنجاندن
67
# Adj.
Intense
| ɪnˈtens
Immense, extreme, or great in a manner that is able to be felt.
68
# n.
Intention
| ɪnˈtenʃən
An aim or objective that a person plans to achieve or do.
69
# Adj.
Intentional
| ɪnˈtenʃənəl
Not done by accident but instead done deliberately.
**SYN: deliberate**
**OPP: unintentional**
70
Interest rate
The rate at which a loan will be accruing interest payments.
71
# n., Adj.
Interior
| ɪnˈtɪəriər
**Noun:**
The inside part of something.
**Adjective:**
Placed or happening inside of something.
72
Interior angle
An angle that lies in the interior of a polygon and is formed between two adjacent sides of a polygon.
73
# v.
Interrogate
| ɪnˈterəɡeɪt
To ask someone in depth questions, usually in a menacing way.
**SYN: Question**
| تحقیق کردن، باز جویی کردن، استنطاق کردن
## Footnote
The police interrogated the suspect for several hours.
74
# v.
Intersect
| ˌɪntərˈsekt
To cross something, or to cross one another.
| تقسیم کردن، تقاطع کردن، از وسط قطع کردن
## Footnote
**Intersect is usually passive in this meaning.**
75
# n.
Intersection
| ˈɪntrəsekʃən
1. The act of intersecting.
2. A location in which two paths or streets cross each other.
**SYN: junction**
76
# Adj.
Intimate
| ˈɪntəmət
Involving, experiencing, or resulting from a close private relationship.
| مانوس، صمیمی، خودمانی، مطلبی را رساندن، محرم ساختن
## Footnote
the publication of **intimate details** of their affair
انتشار جزئیات خصوصی رابطه آنها
77
# Adj.
Irrational
| ɪˈræʃənəl
Devoid of or contrary to logic or reason.
78
Islamic
| ɪzˈlɑːmik
Relating to the Muslim religion that is based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad.
79
# n
Isolation
| isolation
The separation of a person or thing from others.
80
# n.
Jacket
| ˈdʒækɪt
usually part of a suit.
81
# v., n.
Jolt
| dʒoʊlt
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To jiggle or shake something violently and unexpectedly, or to make something jiggle or shake violently and unexpectedly. **SYN: Jerk**
**Noun:**
An emotional surprise or a harsh reminder.
| تکانه، تکان دادن
## Footnote
The phone jolted him awake.
82
# v
Kidnap
| ˈkɪdnæp
To use force and abduct someone.
83
# n.
Landfill
| ˈlændfɪl
An area that is used for the burying or waste material.
| دفن زباله و آشغال در زیر خاک، محل خاک کردن زباله
84
# n.
Laser
| ˈleɪzər
A technological device that uses the ability of specific substances to absorb electromagnetic energy and highly focused beam or synchronized light.
85
# n., v.
Latch
| lætʃ
**Noun:**
An apparatus made up of a movable or lift able rod that drops into a hole or notch and is used for holding a gate, door, or other opening closed.
**Verb (Trans):**
To secure or close an object with a latch.
| ضامن، چفت، محکم نگاه داشتن، چفت کردن، قفل کردن
## Footnote
Gwen lifted the latch and opened the gate.
86
# n., v.
Lease
| liːs
**Noun:**
An official contract that allows someone exclusive rights over a specific property for a period of time in return for rent.
**Verb (Trans):**
To rent something to a person under the
conditions of a lease.
87
Least common denominator
The lowest multiple for the denominators in a group of fractions.
88
Least common multiple
The lowest whole number that is divisible by all members of a group of numbers without leaving a remainder.
89
# v., n.
Leave
| liːv
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To depart or go away from a place or a person.
**Noun:**
A period of time that is taken off, with permission, from either work or duty.
90
# n.
Leg
| leɡ
The limbs of an animal or person that are used for walking, running, standing or jumping.
91
# n.
Legislature
| ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər
An official body of lawmakers.
| مجلس، قوه مقننه
92
# n.
Length
| leŋθ
A measurement or distance taken from the one end to another.
93
# Adj.
Lethal
| ˈliːθəl
Producing or capable or producing death.
**SYN: Fatal**
| مهلک، مرگ اور
## Footnote
1. a **lethal dose** of heroin
2. a **lethal weapon**
3. death by **lethal injection**
4. a **lethal cocktail** of drink and pills
94
# n., v.
Lever
| ˈlevər
**Noun:**
A firm or rigid rod that turns around a fixed point and is used to move or lifts loads.
**Verb (Trans):**
To move something with the use of a lever.
| بازو، دسته، دیلم، اهرم، شاهین، میله اهرم
## Footnote
**Pull** this **lever** to open the gate.
95
# n.
Liability
| ˌlaɪəˈbɪləti
A legal obligation for something.
| تعهد قانونی
## Footnote
The court ruled there was no liability to pay any refund.
96
# v.
Liken
| ˈlaɪkən
To compare things or people to one another.
| مانند کردن، شبیه کردن
97
# n.
Litigant
| ˈlɪtəɡənt
A person involved in a lawsuit.
| دادخواه، شاکی
98
# v.
Live
| lɪv
To be alive.
99
Live show
The live show was broadcasted directly from the celebration.
100
# n.
Livelihood
| ˈlaɪvlihʊd
Work performed in order to earn a living.
| وسیله معاش، معیشت، معاش
## Footnote
It’s difficult to **earn a livelihood** as an artist.
101
# n.
Liver
| ˈlɪvə
An organ in vertebrate that stores and filters blood, and secrets bile.
102
# n.
Livestock
| ˈlaɪvstɒ:k
Animals brought up to be used for foods or as other type of products.
103
# n.
Loaf
| loʊf
A mass of bread that is shaped and baked as a whole piece.
## Footnote
a **loaf of bread**
104
# n.
Lobbyist
| ˈlɒ:biəst
A person who is paid to lobby political representative on a specific topic.
105
# n.
Lobe
| loʊb
An earlobe.
| لاله گوش، گوشه، لخته، خاج، اویز، نرمه، بخشی از عضله یا مغز
106
# n.
Locale
| loʊˈkɑːl
## Footnote
Formal
The location where an event or story takes place.
| محل
## Footnote
people who see the countryside as a locale for recreation
107
# n.
Locomotion
| ˌləʊkəˈməʊoʃən
## Footnote
Formal
The power to move or the actual movement from one area to another.
108
# phrasal verb
Look up to somebody
To expect or wish that a person or thing will do or offer something.
| 1- مورد توجه قرار دادن 2- متکی بودن به، متوسل شدن به 3- انتظار داشتن
## Footnote
I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.
109
# n.
Lot
| lɑːt
A group of things or people.
110
# Adj.
Magnetic
| mæɡˈnetɪk
Capable of attracting iron or steel objects because it acts as a magnet.
111
# n.
Magnitude
| ˈmæɡnɪtju:d
1. Enormity of extent, size, or volume.
2. The significance of something.
| مقدار، بزرگی، اندازه، اهمیت، شکوه، قدر، عظمت حجم
112
make (both) ends meet
**Verb (Trans):**
Used with nouns to describe an action.
**Noun:**
A brand of something.
| دخل و خرج را جور در آوردن از پس هزینه ها برآمدن
113
# n.
Malaria
| məˈləriə
A contagious disease caused by the transmission of a parasite from the bite of an infected mosquito.
114
# n., v.
Malfunction
| mælˈfʌŋkʃən
**Verb (Intransitive):**
To stop working completely or to fail to work briefly because of an error in the design.
**Noun:**
Failure to work in a normal way because of an error in the design.
| بدعمل کردن، درست کار نکردن
## Footnote
a malfunction of the immune system
115
# Adj.
Mandatory
| ˈmændətɔːri
Required to be done, followed, or abided by.
116
# n., v.
Maneuver
| məˈnuːvə
**Noun:**
An action or movement that requires dexterity or adroitness.
**Noun (Plural):**
Extensive military exercises performed to train soldiers.
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To move or make something move with skill.
117
# v.
Manipulate
| məˈnɪpjəleɪt
To use, handle, or run something.
| اداره کردن، دستکاری کردن، با دست عمل کردن، بامهارت انجام دادن
## Footnote
software designed to store and manipulate data
118
# v., n.
Manufacture
| ˌmænjəˈfæktʃər
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To make something using raw materials into a finished product.
**Noun:**
The making of finished products from raw materials.
119
# n., v.
Margin
| ˈmɑːrdʒɪn
**Noun:**
1. An empty space on the edge, top or bottom of a page.
2. A straight line drawn down either side of a page to distinguish sections in a page.
3. The difference between two scores or amounts.
4. The money made on a transaction or the amount by which the price of something exceeds its cost.
**Verb (Trans):**
To create a margin around something.
120
# Adj.
Marginal
| ˈmɑː:dʒɪnəl
1. Very little in importance or degree.
2. Unimportant or irrelevant.
121
# n.
Marijuana
| ˌmærəˈhwɑːnə
A drug that is derived from the dried flowers and leaves of the Indian hemp plant; it is either smoked or eaten.
**SYN: cannabis**
122
# Adj.
Martial
| ˈmɑːrʃəl
Related to war, the military life, or soldiers.
| جنگجو، جنگی، نظامی، لشکری، مریخی
123
# n., v.
Mask
| mæsk
**Noun:**
1. A cover that is placed on the mouth, eyes, or entire face.
2. A thing that is used to disguise or heal another thing.
**Verb (Trans):**
To disguise or hide something.
124
# n., v., Adj.
Mass
| mæs
**Noun:**
1. A very bid unspecified quantity or number.
2. The majority or greater part.
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To collect or be collected in a mass.
**Adjective:**
Having or made up of a very big number.
125
# Adj.
Maternal
| mərˈtɜːnl
Pertaining to or belonging to a mom, or motherhood, or moms in general.
126
# Adj., v.
Mature
| məˈtʃʊr
**Adjective:**
Expressing emotional, physical, or mental traits that are characteristic of a fully developed person.
**Verb (Trans & Intrans):**
To go through a developmental process or make a person or thing do this.
127
# n., Adj.
Median
| ˈmiːdiən
**Noun:**
A middle point, part, plane, or line.
**Adjective:**
Passing through, in or towards the middle.
128
# Adj., n.
Medium
| ˈmiːdiəm
**Adjective:**
Neither large nor small in dimension but instead being of middle size.
**Noun:**
A condition or state that is intermediate because it is in between two extremes.
129
# n., Adj., v.
Merchant
| ˈmɜːtʃənt
**Noun:**
A person who buys and sells products.
**Adjective:**
Relating to or used for trade.
**Verb (Trans):**
To deal or trade in something.
| تاجر، برای فروش
کاسب، معامله گر، مغازه دار، بازرگانی، داد و ستد کردن،
130
# n., Adj.
Migrant
| ˈmaɪɡrənt
**Noun:**
A person who moves from one area or nation to another, usually looking for work.
**Adjective:**
Moving from one area or nation to another.
131
# v.
Migrate
| ˈmaɪɡreɪt
To move from one environment or habitat to another due to changes in the season and differences in the supply of food.
132
# n.
Millennium
| mɪˈleniəm
## Footnote
plural millennia /-niə/
A time period of 1000 years.
133
# v., n., Adj.
Mimic
| ˈmɪmɪk
**Verb (Trans):**
To imitate a person, or duplicate the person's physical appearance, motions, or voice.
**SYN: imitate, take off**
**Noun:**
A person who imitates others.
**Adjective:**
Pertaining to imitation, mime, or mimicry.
134
# Adj.
Miniature
| ˈmɪniətʃər
form of a thing.
135
# n.
Allowance
| əˈlaʊəns
## Footnote
Pl: allowances
A specified amount of money given out at predetermined intervals.
| مستمری
## Footnote
An allowance of fifty dollars a month was given to the teenager for personal purchases.
136
# Noun; Adjective
Minimum
| ˈmɪnəməm
## Footnote
Pl: minimums or minima
**Noun:**
The smallest possible level or quantity of something.
**Adjective:**
Lowest permitted, possible, or registered.
## Footnote
Minimum requirements for a driver's license include age and the passing of a driving test.
137
# Preposition; Adjective; Noun
Minus
| ˈmaɪnəs
**Preposition:**
Decreased by the subtraction of a number.
**Adjective:**
Showing or pertaining to subtraction.
**Noun:**
An amount below zero.
## Footnote
Gross profits minus overhead and operating costs equal net profit.
138
# Noun; Verb (Trans)
Minute
| ˈmɪnət
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: minutes
Verb (Transitive)
PT: minuted
PP: minuted
PresP: minuting
3rd S: minutes
**Noun:**
A period of 60 seconds.
**Noun (Plural):**
A formal record of what is stated or done throughout a meeting.
**Verb (Trans):**
To officially document or summarize the things that occur during a meeting.
## Footnote
The officer requires a minute of your time for questioning.
139
# Noun
Miracle
| ˈmɪrəkəl
## Footnote
Pl: miracles
An event that is considered an act of God because it is contrary to the laws of nature.
| معجزه
## Footnote
Sainthood in the Catholic Church requires evidence of miracles.
140
# Noun
Missile
| ˈmɪsəl
## Footnote
Pl: missiles
A weapon made up of a warhead thrusted by a rocket.
## Footnote
The Cold War saw missile development in Russia and the United States.
141
# Noun; Verb (Trans)
Mob
| mɑːb
## Footnote
Noun
plural mobs
Verb (Transitive)
PT: mobbed
PP: mobbed
PresP: mobbing
3rd S: mobs
**Noun:**
A large and noisy group of people.
**Verb (Trans):**
To gather around a person or thing in a noisy and excited manner.
| غوغا، جمعیت، انبوه مردم، ازدحام کردن
## Footnote
The leadership had been criticized for giving in to **mob rule** (=when a mob controls the situation rather than the government or the law).
رهبری او به خاطر تسلیم شدن در برابر حکومت اوباش (=وقتی که یک اوباش اوضاع را به جای دولت یا قانون کنترل می کند) مورد انتقاد قرار گرفته بود.
mobber (N) mobbish(Adj)
142
# Noun
Mobility
| moʊˈbɪləti
The power to physically move about.
## Footnote
1. The handicap person suffered from less physical mobility.
2. The social mobility of the poor is highly limited in most cultures.
143
# Adjective
Modest
| ˈmɒ:dɪst
Not showing or having a high opinion of your abilities or accomplishments, but to instead consider yourself as humble.
| عاری از خودنمایی، فروتن، ساده و بی پیرایه
## Footnote
The modest woman had difficulty accepting compliments.
modestly (Adv)
144
# Verb
Modify
| ˈmɒ:dɪfaɪ
## Footnote
PT: modified
PP: modified
PresP: modifying
3rd S: modifies
To make a small alteration or change to something.
## Footnote
I will modify the letters to include the director's changes.
modifiability (N) modifiableness (N) modifiable (Adj)
145
# Noun; Verb
Mold
| moʊld
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: mold
Verb
PT: molded
PP: molded PresP: molding 3rd S: molds
**Noun**
A container that is used to give shape to a molten or liquid compound that is poured into it in odor for the compound to harder.
**Verb (Trans)**
To shape or make something in a mold.
| قالب، قالب دادن
## Footnote
They molded the metal after it was heated to the required temperature.
modable (Adj)
146
# Adjective
Momentous
| moʊˈmentəs
Highly important or significant.
| مهم، خطیر، واجب، با اهمیت، بسیار مهم
## Footnote
**Momentous events** are taking place in the US.
momentously (Adv) momentousness (N)
147
# Noun; Verb (Trans)
Monitor
| ˈmɑːnɪtər
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: monitors
Verb (Transitive)
PT: monitored
PP: monitored
PresP: monitoring
3rd S: monitors
**Noun**
* A receiving device used in a computer system, a video system.
**Verb (Trans)**
* To supervise, to look over a person, place or thing to see if proper behavior is upheld.
## Footnote
We must monitor the situation in Iraq with care.
monitorial (Adj) monitorially (Adv) monitorship (N)
148
# Noun
Monopoly
| məˈnɒ:pəli
## Footnote
Pl: monopolies
The control of an industry by one company.
## Footnote
The monopoly distributed and sold all food products.
monopolism (N)
149
# Noun
Monsoon
| mɒ:nˈsuːn
## Footnote
Pl: monsoons
A widespread wind system that reverse direction and determines the weather of a region.
| موسم بارندگی، بادموسمی
## Footnote
Monsoons raged through the island in August and September.
monsoonal (Adj)
150
# Noun
Morale
| məˈræl
The general degree of confidence or cheerfulness that is felt by a person or group of people.
| دل گرمی، روحیه، روحیه جنگجویان، روحیه افراد مردم
## Footnote
The media feels pressure to keep the morale of the country up in war time.
رسانه ها برای حفظ روحیه کشور در زمان جنگ تحت فشار هستند.
151
# Noun
Mortality
| mɔːrˈtæləti
The condition of being sure to eventually die.
| مرگ ومیر، متوفیات
## Footnote
an appallingly high infant mortality rate (=number of babies who die)
نرخ مرگ و میر نوزادان به طرز وحشتناکی بالا (= تعداد نوزادانی که می میرند)
152
# Noun
Mosquito
| məˈskiːtoʊ
## Footnote
Pl: mosquitoes or mosquitos
A thin small fly found all over the world that feeds on the blood of mammals and transmits diseases.
## Footnote
Mosquitoes carry diseased such as malaria and West Nile virus.
153
# Noun
Moth
| mɒːθ
## Footnote
Pl: moths
An insect that looks like a butterfly except that it is duller in color, different formed antennae, and is more active at night than the butterfly.
## Footnote
Moths attracted to the light fluttered around the lamp all evening.
154
# Noun; Verb (Trans)
Motion
| ˈmoʊʃən
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: motions
Verb (Transitive)
PT: motioned
PP: motioned
PresP: motioning
3rd S: motions
**Noun:**
The action or process of moving or the way in which a person or thing moves.
**Verb (Trans):**
To signal or gesture something to someone.
## Footnote
She motioned to the crowd to be silent as the last performer entered.
155
# Noun
Movement
| ˈmuːvmənt
## Footnote
Pl: movements
The act of changing position or moving.
## Footnote
The slow movement of the storm caused flood in low- lying regions.
156
# Adjective; Noun
Multiple
| ˈmʌltəpəl
## Footnote
Noun: Pl: multiples
**Adjective:**
Including or relating many people, parts, or things.
**Noun:**
A number that is divisible by another specific number without leaving any remainders.
## Footnote
2 is a multiple of 6. There are multiple reasons for switching to a new telephone plan.
157
# Noun; Adjective
Mural
| ˈmjʊrəl
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: murals
**Noun**
* A large painting on the exterior or interior of a wall.
**Adjective**
* Pertaining to or fixed on a wall.
| دیوار نما، دیواری، واقع بر روی دیوار
## Footnote
A mural decorated the crumbling wall of an old city center building.
muralist (N)
158
# Adjective; Noun; Verb (Trans)
Mute
| mjuːt
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: mutes
Verb (Transitive)
PT: muted
PP: muted
PresP: muting
3rd S: mutes
**Adjective:**
Not having the ability to or willing to talk.
**Noun:**
A hateful name for a person who is not able to or is not willing to talk.
**Verb (Trans):**
To decrease the volume of a particular sound.
## Footnote
The mute child never spoke a word.
mutely (Adv) muteness (N)
159
# Adjective
Mutual
| ˈmjuːtʃuəl
Made, sensed, or showed toward one another.
## Footnote
The mutual decision was made between both parents to send their children to boarding school.
mutuality (N) mutually (Adv) mutualness (N)
160
# Noun
Natural number
## Footnote
Pl: natural numbers
Elementary school students generally deal with natural numbers.
161
# Adjective
Naval
| ˈneɪvəl
Pertaining to or belonging to warships or to a navy.
## Footnote
The naval power of the British allowed them to become superpowers.
navally (Adv)
162
# Noun
Navigation
| ˌnævəˈɡeɪʃən
The science of navigating; planning and pursuing a course from one place to another.
## Footnote
The navigation skills of the general have increased his efficiency.
navigational (Adj) navigationally (Adv)
163
# Adjective; Noun
Neutral
| ˈnuːtrəl
## Footnote
Pl: neutrals
**Adjective**
* Not taking sides in a war, controversy, contest, or dispute.
**Noun**
* A vehicular gear in which there is no power sent from the engine to the rest of the vehicle.
## Footnote
Many had a neutral opinion on the new CEO.
neutrally (Adv)
164
# Noun; Verb (Trans)
Nickel
| ˈnɪkəl
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: nickells
Verb (Transitive)
PT: nickelled
PP: nickelled
PresP: nickelling
3rd S: nickells
**Noun**
* element.
**Verb (Trans)**
* To coat or plate something with nickel.
**Adjective**
* Slang that means costing or
worth five cents."
## Footnote
1. Nickel is useful in making certain metal goods.
2. We used to be able to purchase a soda for a nickel.
165
# Noun
Nightshade
## Footnote
Pl: nightshades
A wild poisonous plant that is related to eggplants, potatoes, and tomatoes.
## Footnote
The nightshade prevented the moonlight from entering the room.
166
# Adjective
Notorious
| noʊˈtɔːriəs
Famous or well know for a bad quality, feature, or act.
**SYN: infamous**
| رسوا، انگشت نما، بدنام، بی آبرو، زبانزد
## Footnote
a judge notorious for his cruelty and corruption
notoriety (N) notoriously (Adv)
167
# Noun
Novelty
| ˈnɒ:vəlti
## Footnote
Pl: novelties
A small cheap trinket, toy, piece of jewelry, or decoration.
| تازگی، نوظهوری
## Footnote
The novelty of the new plan wore off after the realization of high costs.
168
# Adjective
Nuclear
| ˈnuːkliər
In physics, pertaining to the nucleus of an atom.
## Footnote
The nuclear plant supplied energy to the entire country.
169
# Adjective; Noun
Null
| nʌl
**Adjective**
* Not having legal validity.
**Noun**
* A zero.
## Footnote
The law was made null and void by the Senate.
170
# Noun; **Verb**
Number
| ˈnʌmbər
**Noun:**
A figure or set of figures that is used to identify a person, place or thing.
**Verb (Trans):**
To give a person, place or thing an number that identifies them.
| برشمردن!
## Footnote
number among something/ be numbered among something (formal)
to be included as one of a particular group:
He was a successful corporate lawyer who numbered among his clients JPMorgan and Standard Oil.
171
# Adjective
Nutritious
| nuːˈtrɪʃəs
Having nourishments like minerals and vitamins which promote well being.
## Footnote
Blueberries are extremely nutritious.
nutritously (Adv) nutritiousness (N)
172
# Noun; Adjective
Oatmeal
| ˈoʊtmiːl
**Noun**
* Oat grains that are crushed into powder or flakes and are then used to make different types of food.
**Adjective**
* color. (a light grayish-brown)
## Footnote
Oatmeal is an excellent nutritious breakfast cereal.
173
# Noun
Obedience
| əˈbiːdiəns
The state or act of complying with authority.
| تبعیت
## Footnote
The obedience of children to their parents' rules seems to be declining.
174
# Noun
Obesity
| oʊˈbiːsəti
The state in which a person is overweight; the person's weight is more than 20 percent greater than is recommended.
## Footnote
Obesity plagues the United States.
175
# Verb
Obsess
| əbˈses
## Footnote
PT: obsessed
PP: obsessed
PresP: obsessing
3rd S: obsesses
To preoccupy a person's thoughts
| ایجاد عقده روحی کردن، وسواسی کردن، ذهن کسی را مشغول داشتن
## Footnote
A lot of young girls are obsessed by their weight.
**Obsess is usually passive in this meaning.**
176
# Adjective
Obtrusive
| əbˈtruːsɪv
Tending to be annoying because you force your opinions or existence on others.
| مزاحم، فضول، تحمیل گر، سر خر، خود نمایانه، جلف
## Footnote
The entrance of TV cameras in the Boardroom was obtrusive during private conversations.
obtrusively (Adv) obtrusiveness (N)
177
# Adjective
Obtuse angle
Describes an angle that is greater than 90 degrees and smaller than 180 degrees.
## Footnote
An obtuse triangle contains irregular angles.
178
# Verb (Trans)
Occupy
| ˈɒ:kjəpaɪ
## Footnote
Verb (Transitive)
PT: occupied
PP: occupied
PresP: occupying
3rd S: occupies
To habit in a place or be the habitual user of place like a home or office.
| سرگرم کردن، مشغول کردن، اشغال کردن، تصرف کردن، سکنی گزیدن
## Footnote
To occupy a disputed piece of land can create international problems.
occupier (N)
179
# Noun
Octagon
| ˈɑːktəɡɑːn
## Footnote
Pl: octagons
An eight-sided closed plan figure that also have eight angles.
## Footnote
The eight sided table was shaped like an octagon.
180
# Noun
Odds
| ɑːdz
The chance or likelihood of something happening.
| فرصت، شانس، فرق، عدم توافق، نا برابری، احتمالات، احتمال و وقوع
## Footnote
The odds that one can win at Keno are higher than other games.
181
# Noun
Odor
| ˈoʊdər
## Footnote
Pl: odors
A **pleasant or unpleasant** smell.
| عطر، رایحه، بو، شهرت، طعم، عطر و بوی
## Footnote
The skunk puts out an odor few living creatures can tolerate.
182
# Noun; Verb
Omen
| ˈoʊmən
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: omens
Verb (Transitive and Intransitive)
PT: omened
PP: omened
PresP: omening
3rd S: omens
**Noun**
* An occurrence that is regarded as a sign or how a person or thing will do in the future.
**Verb (Trans & Intrans)**
* To hint at how events will fare in the future.
| نشانه، پیش گویی، فال، علامت، ایت، بفال نیک گرفتن
## Footnote
He will regard your presence as an omen of good fortune.
183
# Adjective
Optical
| ˈɒ:ptɪkəl
Pertaining to or making light that is visible.
## Footnote
Optical companies treat eye issues.
optically (Adv)
184
# Adjective
Optimal
| ˈɒ:ptəməl
Most favorable or pleasing such that it is characterized as being the best.
## Footnote
Optimal results are best achieved by increased efforts.
optimality (N) optimally (Adv)
185
# Noun
Orchestra
| ˈɔːrkəstrə
A very big group of classical musicians, made up of string, brass, woodwind, and percussion players, and directed by a conductor.
## Footnote
**Orchestra is usually followed by a singular verb:**
The orchestra **was** rehearsing for a concert.
186
# Noun
Orientation
| ˌɔːriənˈteɪʃən
1. The placement or direction of something.
2. A meeting where new information or training is given to people that are embarking on something new.
| گرایش، اشناسازی، جهت یابی
## Footnote
Freshman orientation introduced students to the campus and its rules.
187
# Adjective; Noun
Orthodox
| ˈɔːrθədɑːks
## Footnote
Pl: orthodoxes
**Adjective**
* Following the conventional or customary rules or laws of faith, social behavior, or beliefs. **SYN: conventional**
**Noun**
* A person who follows conventional or customary rule or beliefs.
## Footnote
Orthodox religious sects are more conservative and traditional than reform groups.
orthodoxly (Adv)
188
# Adjective
Outdated
| ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd
Out of date or no longer in fashion.
## Footnote
Outdated food an no longer be kept on grocery shelves.
189
# Noun
Outlet
| ˈaʊtlet
## Footnote
Pl: outlets
A vent, passage, or opening that is used to let something out.
| فروشگاه به ویژه اگر عمده فروش باشد یا کالای تولید کننده ی خاصی را بفروشد
## Footnote
Furniture outlets sell goods at a discounted price.
190
# Adjective
Outmost
The most outside.
| بیرونی ترین
## Footnote
The outmost wall of the building protected it from heat and cold.
191
# Adjective
Outnumber
Furthest away from the middle or central area.
| دورترین فاصله از ناحیه میانی یا مرکزی.
## Footnote
Men outnumber women in China resulting in less married men.
192
# Noun
Outpatient
| ˈaʊtˌpeɪʃənt
## Footnote
Pl: outpatients
A patient that is treated at a hospital but does not stay overnight.
| بیمار سرپایی
## Footnote
The hospital outpatient unit handles minor day surgeries.
193
# Noun; Verb (Trans)
Output
| ˈaʊtpʊt
## Footnote
Noun
Pl: outputs
Verb (Transitive)
PT: output or outputted
PP: output or outputted
PresP: outputting
3rd S: outputs
Production; to produce.
## Footnote
The manufacturing output increased as exports rose.
194
# Adjective
Outrageous
| aʊtˈreɪdʒəs
Likely to shock people because it is extraordinary, unconventional, or extravagant.
| عصبانی کننده، (شدیدا) خشونت آمیز، تکان دهنده، وحشتناک، ظالمانه
## Footnote
Outrageous behavior by the students resulted in the school expelling ten boys.
outrageously (Adv) outrageousness (N)
195
# Adverb; Adjective
Outright
| ˈaʊtraɪt
**Adverb**
*Completely and entirely.*
**Adjective**
*Absolute or complete.*
| اشکارا، کامل، بی درنگ، یکجا
## Footnote
an outright ban on the sale of tobacco
outrightly (Adv)
196
# Adjective; Noun
Oval
| ˈoʊvəl
## Footnote
Noun Pl: ovals
**Adjective**
*Shaped in the form of an egg.*
**Noun**
*1. A racetrack that is shaped in the form of an oval.*
*2. Something that is shaped in the form of an egg.*
## Footnote
An oval dining room table is more graceful than a rectangular one.
ovally (Adv) ovalness (N)
197
# Verb; Noun
Overlap
| ˌəʊvərˈlæp
## Footnote
Verb
PT: overlapped
PP: overlapped
PresP: overlapping
3rd S: overlaps Noun
Pl: overlaps
**Verb (Trans & Intrans)**
*To place things in such a way so that the edge of one thing is on top of and extending past the edge of another thing.*
**Noun**
*An edge that partially overlays something else.*
## Footnote
The jobs of two workers overlap, requiring them to cooperate on tasks.
198
# Verb; Noun
Overrun
| ˌoʊvəˈrʌn
## Footnote
Verb
PT: overran
PP: overrun
PresP: overrunning
3rd S: overruns
Noun
Pl: overruns
**Verb (Trans & Intrans)**
To turn up in such great numbers or spread so fast in an area that it becomes too crowded or infested.
**Noun**
The act of a person or thing overrunning.
| اب لبریز شده، تاراج کردن، تاخت و تاز کردن، سرتاسر محلی را فراگرفتن
## Footnote
Cost overruns on the project resulted in an increased budget.
**Overrun is usually passive in this meaning.**
199
# Adjective
Overt
| oʊˈvɜːrt
Done openly or unconcealed.
**OPP: Covert**
| معلوم، اشکار، واضح، عمومی، فاش، نپوشیده
## Footnote
Overt race discrimination is illegal.
overtly (Adv) noun (overtness)
200
# Noun
Overtone
| ˈoʊvərtoʊn
## Footnote
Pl: overtones
A supplementary quality, nuance, or meaning.
| مفهوم فرعی، (معمولا جمع) اثر یا مفهوم ثانوی، قوی و شدیدالحن
## Footnote
Though all were laughing the serious overtone of the meeting did not change.
