10/11: Gut Development

Question 1

What 3 segments is the gut tube divided into?

Answer 1

Foregut, midgut, and hindgut

Question 2

Neural tube

Answer 2

becomes CNS

Question 3

Notochord

Answer 3

fibrous strand that runs from head to tail that will largerly be wiped out in development of vertebral column

Question 4

What does the notochord give rise to

Answer 4

Nucleus pulpous

Question 5

Septum transversum

Answer 5

mesoderm tissue that becomes diaphragm

Question 6

Allantoid

Answer 6

Duct for embryonic gas exchange (for shelled organisms)

Question 7

Gut tube

Answer 7

gives rise to GI system. Simple, straight tube, divided into 3 segments (Foregut, midgut, and hindgut)

Question 8

Where is all the digestive system derived from?

Answer 8

Gut tube

Question 9

Aorta

Answer 9

Gives off 3 branches to give blood supply to the 3 segments of the gut

Question 10

What organs come from the foregut?

Answer 10

Esophagus
Stomach
1/2 of Duodenum

Question 11

What are accessory organs of the foregut?

Answer 11

Spleen
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Liver

Question 12

What organs come from the midgut?

Answer 12

1/2 Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
2/3 transverse colon

Question 13

What organs come from the hindgut?

Answer 13

1/3 Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

Question 14

Foregut derivatives are supplied by branches of the ______________

Answer 14

Celiac artery

Question 15

Midgut derivatives are supplied by branches of the ______________

Answer 15

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 16

Hingut derivatives are supplied by branches of the ______________

Answer 16

Inferior mesenteric artery

Question 17

Autonomic Sympathetic Preganglionic cell bodies from the foregut innervate with:

Answer 17

T5-T9

Question 18

Autonomic Sympathetic Preganglionic cell bodies from the midgut innervate with:

Answer 18

T9-12

Question 19

Autonomic Sympathetic Preganglionic cell bodies from the hindgut innervate with:

Answer 19

T12-L2

Question 20

Autonomic Sympathetic Splanchnic nerves from the foregut innervate with:

Answer 20

greater splanchnic nerve

Question 21

Autonomic Sympathetic Splanchnic nerves from the midgut innervate with:

Answer 21

Lesser/least splanchnic neres

Question 22

Autonomic Sympathetic Splanchnic nerves from the hindgut innervate with:

Answer 22

least splanchnic/lumbar splanchnic nerve

Question 23

Autonomic Sympathetic Prevertebral ganglion from the foregut innervate with:

Answer 23

Celiac

Question 24

Autonomic Sympathetic Prevertebral ganglion from the midgut innervate with:

Answer 24

Superior mesenteric/intermessenteric

Question 25

Autonomic Sympathetic Prevertebral ganglion from the hindgut innervate with:

Answer 25

Inferior mesenteric/intermesenteric

Question 26

Autonomic Sympathetic Postganglionic from the foregut follow:

Answer 26

Celiac artery

Question 27

Autonomic Sympathetic Postganglionic from the midgut follow:

Answer 27

superior mesenteric artery

Question 28

Autonomic Sympathetic Postganglionic from the hindgut follow:

Answer 28

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 29

Autonomic parasympathetic preganglionic from the foregut and midgut innervate with:

Answer 29

brainstem

Question 30

Autonomic parasympathetic preganglionic from the hindgut innervate with:

Answer 30

S2-S4

Question 31

Autonomic parasympathetic nerves from the foregut and midgut innervate with:

Answer 31

Vagus nerve (CNX)

Question 32

Autonomic parasympathetic nerves from the hindgut innervate with:

Answer 32

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 33

Autonomic parasympathetic ganglia from the foregut and midgut are located?

Answer 33

Organ walls

Question 34

Autonomic parasympathetic ganglia from the hindgut are located?

Answer 34

Organ walls

Question 35

What is the function of mesenteries?

Answer 35

connect parietal peritoneum with visceral peritoneum, stabilize attached organs, prevent entanglement

Question 36

parietal peritneum

Answer 36

Lining of the peritoneal cavity. Serous layer provides frictionless movement of abdominal organs

Question 37

What is the deepest part of the body wall

Answer 37

Parietal peritoneum

Question 38

All of the gut is ______________

Answer 38

mesenteric

Question 39

All organs are covered with ______________

Answer 39

visceral peritoneum

Question 40

A mesentery is neither ___________ nor ___________

Answer 40

Visceral; parietal, it is a bridge between the two

Question 41

Organs with mesenteries also have?

Answer 41

Visceral peritoneum

Question 42

Organs that are retroperitoneal do not have?

Answer 42

mesenteries

Question 43

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 43

Fluid filled space between parietal and visceral peritoneum "helium of a balloon""

Question 44

What occurs to the space of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 44

Space decreases in size during development as the gut tube gives rise to organs and growth of these organs

Question 45

What occurs when the gut tube stretches

Answer 45

moves down creating 2 layered dorsal mesentery (bridges between parietal and visceral and serves as a passage way for blood and nerve supply)

Question 46

Vessels and nerves supplying mesenteric organs are also:

Answer 46

Mesenteric

Question 47

When gut moves into middle of cavity it is called

Answer 47

mesenteric (or interperitoneal) organ

Question 48

Retroperitoneal organs

Answer 48

(behind the peritoneal cavity) Organs that loose or never have had a emsentery, peritoneum is considered parietal

Question 49

Vessels and nerves supplying retroperitoneal organs are also:

Answer 49

retroperitoneal

Question 50

Part of the digestive system that are retroperitoneal are ________________

Answer 50

Secondarily

Question 51

Primary retroperitoneal organs belong to?

Answer 51

Belong to other organ systems (i.e., kidney, aorta, urinary system) so they never had mesenteries and have been retroperitoneal since the beginning

Question 52

Secondary retroperitoneal organs

Answer 52

During development, organs that will return and stick to posterior wall and are embedded behind parietal peritoneum and lose their mesentary