10/16: Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum

Question 1

Cardia

Answer 1

Region in the esophagus that expands out into the stomach (close to the heart)

Question 2

Fundus

Answer 2

Dome shaped top of the body, no functional significance

Question 3

What part of the stomach can be easily visualized on a radiograph?

Answer 3

Fundus because trapped air bubble

Question 4

Which part of the stomach has the largest diameter?

Answer 4

Body

Question 5

Antrum

Answer 5

Lower part of the stomach

Question 6

Angular incisure

Answer 6

Where the stomach starts to become horizontal

Question 7

Pylorus

Answer 7

Transition form the stomach to the duodenum via pyloric sphincter
Valve that controls flow of stomach contents into the duodenum, midling

Question 8

Greater curvature

Answer 8

From esophagus down to left margin

Question 9

Lesser curvature

Answer 9

shorter down right side of the body

Question 10

Where do both curvatures meet?

Answer 10

At pylorus where stomach mesenteries are attached to help bring blood and nerve supply to stomach

Question 11

The stomach is entirely ________________

Answer 11

Intraperitoneal (mesenteric)

Question 12

What is the stomach suspended by

Answer 12

Mesenteries, but is otherwise freely mobile

Question 13

What is the stomach covered with

Answer 13

Visceral peritoneum

Question 14

Duodenum

Answer 14

10-12 inches long, c-shaped curve, containing 4 segments

Question 15

How many segments does the duodenum have

Answer 15

4

Question 16

How many segments of the duodenum have a mesentary

Answer 16

First has a mesentary and the others are secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 17

What is attached at the 2nd segment of the duodenum?

Answer 17

Pancreas head is attached here

Question 18

Omental foramen

Answer 18

passage way behind lesser omentum behind 2nd segment

Question 19

Where is the location of the Foregut to midgut transition

Answer 19

Between second and 3rd segments

Question 20

Omentum

Answer 20

important in supplying nerve and blood supply to mesenteric organs

Question 21

Lesser omentum

Answer 21

Double layered fold that will suspend the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

Question 22

What is the location of the lesser omentum

Answer 22

From esophagus, across stomach, to first segment of the duodenum

Question 23

What does the lesser omentum contain

Answer 23

Gastric arteries

Question 24

Greater omentum

Answer 24

Large double layered fold that is attached to greater curvature

Question 25

What is the function of the greater omentum

Answer 25

Reserve body fat and can stick to repair bleeding or inflamed abdominal organs as well as carry important vessels

Question 26

Why is the greater omentum thick and yellow

Answer 26

Because of fat, varies depending on bodies composition

Question 27

What does the greater omentum contain

Answer 27

Gastrophrenic mesenteric segment Gastrosplenic ligament Gastrocolic ligament

Question 28

What kind of arteries does the gastrophrenic mesenteric segment have

Answer 28

No arteries

Question 29

What kind of arteries does the gastrosplenic ligament have

Answer 29

Short gastric arteries

Question 30

What kind of arteries does the gastrocolic ligament have

Answer 30

Gastromental artery

Question 31

Where does the foregut blood supply come from

Answer 31

The celiac artery and its branches

Question 32

What does the celiac trunk originate from

Answer 32

Median arcuate ligament

Question 33

What are the 3 branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 33

left gastric, splencic, and common hepatic

Question 34

Left gastric artery

Answer 34

Runs retroperitoneally and gives off branch to supply distal esophagus Rest of it runs along left side of the lesser curvature of stomach to body and upper antrum

Question 35

Splenic artery

Answer 35

Major blood supply to spleen (and most pancreas), runs posteriorly to stomach

Question 36

What does the splenic artery branch off to

Answer 36

Short gastric artery and L gastromental artery

Question 37

What does the short gastric artery supply

Answer 37

Fundus and upper body of stomach

Question 38

What does the L gastromental artery supply

Answer 38

Greater curvature of stomach

Question 39

What does the common hepatic artery branch into

Answer 39

hepatic artery proper (upwards) and gastroduodenal (downwards)

Question 40

What does the hepatic artery proper supply

Answer 40

Liver

Question 41

What does the hepatic artery proper split into

Answer 41

Left and right hepatic arteries that supply liver tissue

Question 42

Cystic artery

Answer 42

Supplies gallbladder. Comes off right hepatic

Question 43

Right gastric artery

Answer 43

first branch that supplies upper margin of antrum and right side of lesser curvature

Question 44

What does the Gastroduodenal artery supply

Answer 44

supplies stomach, duodenum, and pancreas

Question 45

What does the gastroduodenal artery split into

Answer 45

Branches that run in front or behind the duodenum

Question 46

What artery is in front of the gut tube

Answer 46

Superduodenal artery

Question 47

What does the superduodenal artery supply

Answer 47

Upper margin of 1st segment of duodenum

Question 48

What arteries are behind the gut tube

Answer 48

Right gastromental artery Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticodudoenal arteries

Question 49

What does the right gastromental artery anastomose with

Answer 49

Left gastromental

Question 50

What does the right gastromental artery supply

Answer 50

Bottom of greater curvature

Question 51

What do the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries supply

Answer 51

Lesser curvature of duodenum and pancreas

Question 52

What is the peritoneal cavity divided into

Answer 52

Lesser Sac Greater Sac

Question 53

Lesser sac

Answer 53

trapped in posterior part of upper abdomen. Between stomach and pancreas

Question 54

Greater sac

Answer 54

From diaphragm to pelvis in the front

Question 55

Omental foramen

Answer 55

Communication between lesser and greater sacs

Question 56

What are the lesser sac boundaries

Answer 56

Ceiling Floor Front wall, back wall, right wall, left wall

Question 57

Ceiling

Answer 57

created by liver

Question 58

Floor

Answer 58

created by transverse mesocolon

Question 59

Front wall

Answer 59

Created by lesser omentum and stomach itself

Question 60

Back wall

Answer 60

created by panacreas

Question 61

Right wall

Answer 61

Created by venous structures. Omental foramen massage way through the right wall

Question 62

Left wall

Answer 62

Made up of spleen mesenteries lienorenal and gastrosplenic ligaments

Question 63

Leinorenal ligament

Answer 63

bridges spleen to liver area posterior abdominal wall - tail of pancreas points out and is in the lienorenal ligament - how splenic vessels reach the spleen since it is mesenteric

Question 64

Gastrosplenic ligament

Answer 64

Bridges between greater curvature and hilum of spleen

Question 65

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 65

Bridge for porta hepatis structures to use to get from the liver and get behind the duodenum reptroperitoneally to be able to enter into the second segment