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1
Q

Are secreted from the glands of the endocrine system, they are specific in that each hormone causes a response in a specific target organ or group of cells, rather than on the body as a whole.

A

HORMONES

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2
Q

are secreted via a duct into the
blood and usually effect a distant organ or tissue.

A

EXOCRINE HORMONES

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3
Q

are secreted within the tissue
(rather than via a duct) and enter the blood stream via capillaries.

A

ENDOCRINE HORMONES

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4
Q

Endocrine hormones are secreted within the tissue (rather than via a duct) and enter the blood stream via ______.

A

CAPILLARIES

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5
Q

6 classes of hormones

A

• STEROID
• AMINE
• PEPTIDE
• PROTEIN
• GLYCOPROTEIN
• EICOSANOID

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6
Q

Derived from cholesterol which belong to a chemical compounds known as steroids.

A

STEROID HORMONES

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7
Q

Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol which belong to a
chemical compounds known as _____.

A

STEROIDS

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8
Q

Examples of Steroid Hormones

A

• SEX HORMONES
• ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES

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9
Q

derived from the modification of amino acids are referred to as amine hormones. Typically, the original structure of the amino acid is modified such that a
COOH, or carboxyl, group is removed, whereas the NH3 + , or amine group remains.

A

AMINE HORMONES

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10
Q

are synthesized from the amino acids
tryptophan or tyrosine.

A

AMINE HORMONES

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11
Q

An example of a hormone derived from tryptophan is _____, while tyrosine derivatives include thyroid
hormones and catecholamines.

A

MELATONIN

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12
Q

These hormones are made up of only few amino acid residues and they are usually present themselves in a form of linear chains.

A

PEPTIDE HORMONES

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13
Q

Examples of Peptide Hormones:

A

• OXYTOCIN
• VASOPRESSIN

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14
Q

These hormones are build up from large number of amino acid residues.

A

PROTEIN HORMONES

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15
Q

Examples of Protein Hormones

A

• INSULIN
• GLUCAGON
• SOMATOTROPINS

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16
Q

These are conjugated protein bound to
carbohydrate which include galactose,
mannose, fructose.

A

GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES

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17
Q

Glycoprotein hormones are conjugated protein bound to carbohydrate which include ______, _____,______.

A

GALACTOSE, MANNOSE, FRUCTOSE

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18
Q

Examples of Glycoprotein Hormones

A

LH - LUTEINIZING HORMONES
FLH - FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONES
TSH - THYROID STIMULATING HORMONES

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19
Q

Made up of small fatty acid derivatives with a Variety of arachidonic acid.

A

EICOSANOID HORMONES

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20
Q

Example of Eicosanoid

A

PROSTAGLANDINS

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21
Q

are classified according to the organs that synthesize them

A

STEROID HORMONES

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22
Q

Classifications of Steroid Hormones:

A

• SEX HORMONES
• ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES
• PLACENTA HERMONES

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23
Q

These are group of hormone that produced in the testes in males and ovaries in the female.

A

SEX HORMONES

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24
Q

The male sex hormones are usually referred to as?

A

ANDROGENS

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25
The principal androgen is known as?
TESTOSTERONE
26
These hormones are produced primarily by the testes and in discrete amounts by the adrenal cortex.
SEX HORMONES
27
are primarily responsible for the proper development and maintenance of male reproductive function and stimulation of the secondary sex characteristics.
ANDROGENS
28
Androgens are ____, and used in stimulating the production of skeletal muscles and bone as well as red blood cells.
ANABOLIC
29
Overdosing has been linked to serious side effects, including infertility and coronary heart disease.
SEX HORMONES
30
two female sex hormones
ESTROGENS and PROGESTINS
31
are secreted mainly by the ovaries and in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands and (in men) by the testes.
ESTOGENS
32
The most potent estrogen is?
ESTRADIOL
33
This hormone has a similar function similarly to androgens in men
ESTROGEN
34
promote the development and maintenance of the primary and secondary female sexual characteristics; they also stimulate linear growth and skeletal maturation.
ESTOGENS
35
the most important of which is Progesterone, are the other type of female sex hormone and are named for their role in maintaining pregnancy (pro-gestation).
PROGESTINS
36
are secreted cyclically during menstruation.
ESTROGEN and PROGESTINES
37
They are mainly adrenocortical hormones, which basically divided to two:
GLUCOCORTICOIDS MINERALOCORTICOIDS
38
They are mainly adrenocortical hormones, which basically divided to two:
GLUCOCORTICOIDS MINERALOCORTICOIDS
39
consist of hormones such as cortisol which mainly control and influence many metabolic processes like deposition of glycogen in the liver and the formation of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
40
consist of hormones such as ____ which mainly control and influence many metabolic processes like deposition of glycogen in the liver and the formation of glucose from amino acids and fatty acids
CORTISOL
41
It also helps in the maintenance of normal blood pressure, and also possessed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions, which are useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis and prevents the rejection of transplanted organs.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
42
like aldosterone help maintain the balance between salts and water in the body and the predominantly exerts their effects within the kidney.
MINERALOCORTICOIDS
43
is an endocrine gland that is only present during pregnancy.
PLACENTA
44
The placenta produces two steroid hormones:
ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE
45
The placenta also releases several protein hormones:
• HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (hCG) • HUMAN PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (hPL) • PLACENTAL GROWTH HORMONE • RELAXIN • KISSPEPTIN
46
These are group of lipophilic hormones that are usually derived from cholesterol (except T3 and T4).
GROUP 1 HORMONES
47
These hormones usually bind to intracellular receptors thereby forming hormone-receptor complex.
GROUP 1 HORMONES
48
They are mostly found in general circulation in association with transport proteins however they have relatively longer half-lives in hours or days.
GROUP 1 HORMONES
49
Examples of Group 1 Hormones:
T3, T4, ESTROGEN, PROGESTERONE, and TESTOSTERONE
50
These are hormones that bind to cell surface (plasma membrane) receptor before they stimulate the release of certain molecules known as second messenger which will then perform the biochemical function of these hormones.
GROUP 2 HORMONES
51
These are hormones that bind to cell surface (plasma membrane) receptor before they stimulate the release of certain molecules known as _____ which will then perform the biochemical function of these hormones.
SECOND MESSENGER
52
These hormones have a specific local effect through paracrine secretion.
LOCAL HORMONES
53
Examples of local hormones
HORMONE TESTOSTERONE
54
These are hormones transported through circulation to the distal target tissue/organ.
GENERAL HORMONES
55
Examples of general hormones
THYROID HORMONES and INSULIN
56
These hormones may cause muscle contraction, pigment migration, glandular secretion and others.
KINETIC HORMONES
57
Example of kinetic hormones
EPINEPHRINE
58
These are hormones that mainly caused changes in the rate of metabolism and balance the reaction.
METABOLIC HORMONES
59
Examples of Metabolic Hormones
• INSULIN • GLUCAGON • PARATHYROID HORMONES
60
Nature of Action of Hormones
LOCAL HORMOES GENERAL HORMONES
61
These are hormones that mainly involved in growth and differentiation in the body.
MORPHOGENETIC HORMONES
62
Examples of Morphogenetic Hormones
FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONES LUTEINIZING HORMONES THYROID HORMONES
63
Amine hormones are synthesized from the amino acids _____ or _____.
TRYPTOPHAN or TYROSINE
64
These are group of hormone that produced in the ____ in males and ____ in the female.
TESTES, OVARIES
65
Overdosing has been linked to serious side effects, including ____ and ____
INFERTILITY and CORONARY HEART DISEASE

PPC (8 decks)

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