10 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
- The ______________ is the period between the decline of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.
- The Church was the central authority during this time.
- The primary product of the early Middle Ages was hand-copied Christian scriptures, as the printing press had not yet been invented.
- Great cathedrals were built, categorized into two periods:
o Romanesque (1050-1200)
o Gothic (1200-1500) - Art varied across Europe and over time, divided into three main styles: Byzantine Art, Romanesque Art, and Gothic Art.
- Much Middle Ages art focused on religious subjects, primarily Catholic themes.
- Art forms included painting, sculpture, metalwork, engraving, stained glass windows, and manuscripts.
- The end of the Middle Ages is marked by the transition to the Renaissance.
- Examples of Middle Ages art include the Mosaic of Jesus Christ in Istanbul and the Crusader Bible (1240 A.D.).
A
Middle Ages
2
Q
- Characterized by a lack of realism, focusing on symbolism instead.
- Predominantly featured religious subjects, especially Christ and the Virgin Mary.
- Example: The Virgin and Child.
A
Byzantine Architecture
3
Q
- Western styles were influenced by the Roman Basilica and Cathedral, featuring long rectangular buildings divided by pillars.
- Development occurred in three stages: Early Christian, Romanesque, and Gothic..
A
Western Architecture
4
Q
➢ With Christians no longer hiding their beliefs, they began building churches on catacomb sites.
➢ Architecture was based on Roman styles.
A
Early Christian
5
Q
- Inspired by the old Roman Empire.
- Characterized by heavy walls, small windows, and vaulted roofs.
- Features semi-circular arches, thick stone walls, and durable construction.
- Sculptures were common.
- Examples include the Basilica of Saint-Sernin in Toulouse and Gloucester Cathedral in the UK.
A
Romanesque Architecture
6
Q
Originated from the rebuilding of the Abbey Church in Saint-Denis, France.
* Introduced structural innovations like ribbed vaults and flying buttresses, allowing for taller and lighter buildings.
* Exhibited a more northern influence, characterized by pointed arches and decorative pinnacles.
* Flourished during the high and late medieval periods, evolving from Romanesque architecture.
* Examples include the Abbey Church in Saint-Denis, Westminster Abbey in London, and the Milan Cathedral in Lombardy, Italy.
A
Gothic Architecture
7
Q
Artists of Middle Ages
A
➢ Donatello
➢ Giotto di Bondone
➢ Benvenuto di Giuseppe
➢ Ambrogio Lorenzetti
8
Q
o An Italian sculpture known for his statues of David, Mary Magdalene, and the Madonna.
A
Donatello
9
Q
Italian artist from the 13th century best known for his frescoes in Padua’s Scrovegni Chapel.
A
Giotto di Bondone
10
Q
Also known as Cimabue, this Florentine artist was well-known for his paintings and mosaics.
A
Benvenuto di Giuseppe
11
Q
An Italian painter of the Gothic movement, he is famous for his frescoes, the Allegory of Good Government and the Allegory of Bad Government.
A
Ambrogio Lorenzetti
12
Q
- Originated in Florence, Italy.
- Spanned from the late 13th to the early 14th century, continuing through the 17th century.
- Marked by a vigorous cultural, artistic, political, and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages.
- Defined rediscovery of classical philosophy, literature, and art.
- Influenced by humanism, shifting the focus of artworks to empower the “individual.”
- Emphasized naturalism, with a focus on the proportionality of the human body.
- Most artworks retained a religious focus and themes.
- Renaissance artists valued the “individual” as a central subject in art.
- Increased importance was placed on non-religious themes.
- Considered a seminal period in art history from roughly 1300 to 1600, marking significant innovations.
- Painting underwent radical changes, influencing the art form for centuries.
- Sculpture evolved to reflect classical models from Greece and Rome, diverging dramatically from medieval styles.
- Architecture, printmaking, and drawing flourished during this time.
- The period saw the birth of art history, notably documented in The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.
- Artists, writers, historians, and intellectuals viewed themselves as modern and progressive.
- Artists drew inspiration from Greek and Roman art, emphasizing keen observation of nature
- Aimed for realistic representations of the human figure, using techniques like chiaroscuro to enhance depth and form.
- The Renaissance fostered interest in classical ideas, values (humanism), and diverse subjects (mythological, allegorical, historical).
A
Renaissance Art
13
Q
Techniques popularized in this Renaissance Art era:
A
➢ Chiaroscuro
➢ Sfumato
14
Q
Characteristics of Renaissance art:
A
➢ Realism & expression
➢ Perspective
➢ Classicism
➢ Emphasis on individualism
➢ Geometrical arrangement of figures
➢ Artists as personalities/celebrities
15
Q
the venus de’ medici or medici venus
A
Classicism
15
Q
expulsion from the garden of eden by
Masaccio
A
Realism & expression
16
Q
the trinity by masaccio
A
Perspective
17
Q
Madonna and child with a
pomegranate by Leonardo da Vinci
A
Geometrical arrangement of figures
17
Q
Battista Sforza and federici da montefeltre: the duke & dutchess of Urbino by Piero della Francesca
A
Emphasis on individualism
18
Q
Artists learned by trying to emulate
classical artists focusing on symmetry and creating the perfect form. They reject Byzantine style of religious painting and strove to create realism in their depiction of the human form and space. This era featured such artists as Giotto, Masaccio, and Donatello.
A
Early Renaissance (1400-1479)
18
Q
lives of the most excellent painters, sculptors, and architects by Giorgio vasari
A
Artists as personalities/celebrities
18
Q
Renaissance art is often divided up into two periods:
A
➢ Early Renaissance (1400-1479)
➢ High Renaissance (1475-1525)
18
Q
Realism, classical balance between emotion/movement and restraint/repose
A
Sculpture
19
Q
A rising interest in perspective and
space gave the art even more realism. Rome had displaced Florence as the principal center of renaissance art. Great artists such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael flourished during this period.
A
High Renaissance (1475-1525)
19
Salient Characteristics of Renaissance Art:
- Sculpture
- Sculpture
- Painting
20
symmetry; adaptation of classical elements such as the arch, dome, and columns, as well as characteristic motifs and embellishments
Architecture
21
➢ naturalism (adherence to the actual appearance of things)
➢ idealism (emphasis on perfection in proportion, appearance, and behavior)
➢ classicism (symmetry, order, balance of emotion/movement and restraint/repose)
➢ humanism (focus on human traits and the validity of human emotion and relationships, as seen in mythological as well as religious subjects)
➢ spatial illusionism (implied three dimensions on a two-dimensional surface achieved)
➢ compositional structure consisting of a central focus and overall symmetry with particular use of the triangle or pyramid as an organizational device
Painting
22
o Italian Proto-Renaissance Painter
o Giotto inaugurated a new period in painting by fusing religious antiquity with the nascent concept of Renaissance Humanism.
o His figures acquired an emotional intensity hitherto unseen in great art.
o Giotto is well renowned for his explorations of perspective and pictorial space, which gave his religious tales a fresh feeling of realism.
Giotto di Bondone
22
Artworks OF ?
➢ San Giovenale Triptych (1422)
➢ Madonna and Child with St Anne (1424 - 1425)
➢ Payment of the Tribute Money (1425 - 1427)
➢ Holy trinity
Massacio
22
o Italian Sculptor
o Donatello was one of the most influential Italian artists of the 15thcentury and forerunner of the Italian Renaissance. He pioneered new aesthetics in response to the flourishing Renaissance Humanism movement of the time.
o Donatello's lifelike and intensely emotional works established him as one of Italy's most prominent artists.
Donatello
22
Early Renaissance Artists
* Sandro Botticelli – Birth of Venus
* Paolo Uccello – The battle of san romano
* Andrea Mantegna – Madonna della Vittoria
* Cenni di Pepo or Cimabue – Santa trinita maesta
* Giotto di Bondone
* Massacio
* Donatello
22
Artworks OF ?
➢ Isaac Blessing Jacob (1290-1295)
➢ Crucifix (1288-1289)
➢ Celebration of Christmas at Greccio (1300)
➢ Scrovegni Chapel
➢ Lamentation ( the mourning of christ)
Giotto di Bondone
23
o Italian Painter, Sculptor, Poet, And Architect
o Michelangelo is considered to be one of the greatest artists of the Italian Renaissance period even while acquiring a reputation for
being temper driven, fickle, and difficult.
o He was part of the revival of classical Greek and Roman art, yet his unique contributions went beyond mere mimicry of antiquity.
o His work was infused with a psychological intensity and emotional realism that had never been seen before
Michelangelo Buonarroti
23
High Renaissance Artists
* Michelangelo Buonarroti
* Leonardo Da Vinci
* Raphael
23
o Florentine Painter
o Masaccio is considered by many to be the first truly Renaissance painter.
o He adopted a rational approach that would come to define the Renaissance as a whole.
o Masaccio's life was tragically cut short, but his exceptional achievement impacted the trajectory of Western art.
Massacio
23
Artworks OF ?
➢ Penitent Magdalene
➢ Saint John the Evangelist (1408 - 1415)
➢ St. George (1415 - 1417)
➢ Bust of Niccolo da Uzzano (1433)
➢ Madonna and child
Donatello
23
Artworks OF ?Artworks
o Bacchus (1496 - 1497)
o David (1501- 1504)
o The Creation of Adam (1508 - 1512)
o Pieta
o The Sistine chapel
Michelangelo Buonarroti
23
o Italian Painter, Designer, Sculptor, Inventor, Scientist, Architect, And Engineer
o Throughout the Italian High Renaissance, the ethos of Humanism prevailed, in which artists were profoundly rooted in the study of the humanities in order to continually improve themselves as world citizens.
o A person absorbed with the study and accomplishment of such disparate hobbies would subsequently be dubbed a "Renaissance
man."
o Leonardo da Vinci was the term's first prime exemplar. Despite the fact that his extensive personal interests resulted in his mastery of several professions, he is largely regarded as one of the finest painters of all time. His enduring works are still studied and admired today.
Leonardo Da Vinci
24
Artworks OF ?
o The Vitruvian Man (1485)
o The Last Supper (1498)
o Mona Lisa (1503)
o Salvator Mundi (1499–1510)
Leonardo Da Vinci
25
o Italian Painter, Printmaker, And Architect
o Raphael forged a comet's trail of painting during the height of the Italian High Renaissance while only being alive for 37 prolific and passionate years.
o His genuine enthusiasm for life spilled out onto the canvas, where his mastery at conveying the Renaissance Humanist era's ideas of beauty was astounding.
o He is considered an equal member of the holy trinity of master artists of his day, with Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo
Raphael
26
Artworks OF ?
➢ The Marriage of the Virgin (1504)
➢ Disputation of the Holy Sacrament (1510)
➢ The School of Athens (1509 – 1511)
Raphael
27
Characteristics of Mannerism:
➢ Exaggerated Figures
➢ Elaborate decoration
➢ Ornamentation
➢ Artificial color
27
* Sensitivity towards the ancient past
* Resumption of classical orders
* Clear articulation of plans and elevation
* Proportion
* Example: St. Peter’s Basilica, designed by Alberti, Raphael, Bramante, Michelangelo, and Bernini; Tempietto del Bramante by Donato Bramante
Renaissance Architecture
27
* Music based on modes
* Richer texture in four or more parts
* Blending rather than contrasting strands in the musical texture
* Harmony with a greater concern with the flow and progression of chords
* Desprez: Ave maria
Renaissance Music
27
* Provided A Three-Dimensional Perspective
Perspective of Depth
28
* performed during special occasions at the courts of Italian princess
* done in such a way that showcased grand and lavish entertainment for the audience
* Aside from the song and dance numbers, they interested in elaborate have greatly influenced their tradition of popular theater
Revival of Roman Theatrical Play
29
* Mannerism was a period in art history, which was a product of the Renaissance Period.
* During the Renaissance, artist would observe nature and try their best to emulate it based on their observations.
* As the Renaissance ended, artist started directly copying subjects from existing works of art.
* Most artworks during this period displayed distorted figures, two dimensional spaces, discordant hues and colors, and lack of defined
focal point.
* Regarded as a bridge between the high renaissance and the baroque period, which adopted the subset’s ornate aesthetic and adapted it as extravagance.
* Reaction to the harmonious classicism and the idealized naturalism of high renaissance art
* The word Mannerism has been derived from the Italian word “Maniera” It means style or manner.
* known as Late Renaissance or Mannerism, and it is a European art style that emerged in 1520. It is not an exact definition, and still a
subject of debate, because this term is used for two things such as literature and music.
* The artwork of this art style is very fantastic, and shows harmonious ideals such as Madonna and Laocoön and His Sons.
* Historians and artists differ as to whether Mannerism is a movement, a style or a period because this term remains controversial due to its use.
* Mannerism was an anti-classical movement which differed greatly from the aesthetic ideologies of the renaissance.
* Mannerism was initially accepted with positivity based on the writings of Vasari, it was later regarded in a negative light because it solely view as, “an alteration of natural truth and a trite repetition of natural formulas
* Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt was a Swiss historian who popularized this term in the western world. But by the end of the High
Renaissance, many artists experienced difficulty in the pertinence of this art style
Mannerism
30
o Born: 1 October 1541, Heraklion, Greece
o Died: 7 April 1614, Toledo, Spain
o On view: Museo Nacional del Prado, National Gallery of Art, MORE
o Full name: Doménikos Theotokópoulos
o His body of work is powerfully evocative of the Divine and widely recognized for expressing the spirituality that lies behind all being.
o He became enthralled by the new Mannerism, which rejected mere reproduction of nature in art in favor of expressing the
work's underlying psychological characteristics beyond mythical or religious themes.
El Greco
30
Characteristics that Mannerist artists would employ in their artworks:
➢ Elongation of figures
➢ Distortion of perspective
➢ Black backgrounds
➢ Use of darkness and light
➢ Sculptural forms
➢ Clarity of line
➢ Composition and space
➢ Mannerist movement
➢ Painted frames
➢ Atmospheric effects
➢ Mannerist color
31
Artworks of ?
➢ The Holy Trinity (1577 - 1579)
➢ The Nobleman With his Hand on his Chest (El caballero de la mano en el pecho) (1580)
➢ Christ blessing (The Saviour of the World) (1600)
El Greco
31
Artists of Mannerism
Boticelli – Primavera (1477 – 1482)
Giuseppe Arcimboldo – Spring (1573)
Giulio Romano – Palazzo te in mantova
Michelangelo – Vestibule of laurentian library
El Greco
Tintoretto
Pontormo
32
o Born: 1518, Venice, Italy
o Died: 31 May 1594, Republic of Venice, Venetian school
o Full name: Jacopo Comin
o Standing in front of one of Tintoretto's epic works is to be immersed in a whirlwind of activity, with muscular figures interlaced into rhythmic patterns of emotional anguish and
dramatic conflicts.
o The sceneries hover, threatening to break through the borders between pictorial space and the practical world.
o They were originally created to embellish the enormous interiors of great halls and expansive ceilings. Even his one-of-a-kind self
portraits reveal the artist's soul rather than simply displaying his style
Tintoretto
33
Artworks of ?
➢ Self-Portrait (1548)
➢ The Miracle of the Slave (1548)
➢ The Origin of the Milky Way (1575)
Tintoretto
34
o Born: 24 May 1494, Empoli, Italy
o Died: 1 January 1557, Florence, Italy
o This artist is known for his commercial illustration.
o Full name: Jacopo da Pontormo
o Pontormo was one of the most influential Italian painters of the High Renaissance.
o He rubbed shoulders with some of the greatest artists of the time, including Michelangelo, and found inspiration in northern
European engravings and woodcuts.
o Pontormo became increasingly reclusive and unhappy in the last decade of his life, refusing even the company of Bronzino.
Pontormo
35
* Stemmed from Italian word for “contorted idea”
* Arose mainly as a means to promote the catholic church during the Protestant Reformation
* Emphasizes faith in church and power in state
* Dramatic contrasts of lights and darks
* Emotional, often religious depictions
* Feelings of grandeur, awe, movement and tension
* Various contrasting textures
* All encompassing works (illusionistic)
* Materials: bronzes, gildings, plaster, marble, stucco
* Focal point in architecture: entrance axis, pavilion
Baroque Period (1600-1750)
35
Artworks of ?
➢ Visitation of the Virgin and St. Elizabeth (1514 - 1516)
➢ Joseph in Egypt (1517 - 1518)
➢ Madonna with Child and Saints (1518)
Pontormo
36
* Period: 1600-1750, with early, middle, and late phases.
* Known for: grandiose, dramatic, and energetic spirit, but with stylistic diversity.
* Key innovations: tonality, expanded instrumental performance, elaborate ornamentation, and new playing techniques.
* Major forms: opera, cantata, oratorio, concerto, sonata, and dance suite.
* Musicians were expected to improvise both melodies and accompaniments.
Baroque Music
37
* Baroque derives from the Portuguese word Barocco, meaning "irregularly shaped pearl."
* Rococo comes from the French word rocaille, meaning rock-work, referring to an interior decoration style with curves and scrolls.
* Periodwed the Renaissance, with artists developing new styles and techniques distinct from Renaissance predecessors.
* Artists used colorful palettes and ornamentation in their works.
* Italy, in particular, strengthened religion, politics, and art during this period.
* Expansion was a central theme, evident in the artworks.
* Artists considered motion, space, dramatic lighting, and time in their works.
* Baroque art focused on religious themes, while Rococo was rooted in secular culture.
* Music flourished during the Baroque period, seen as a tool to evoke emotions and communicate messages.
* Baroque music distinguished between loud and soft sounds, and solo vs. ensemble performances.
* Initially, Baroque music was limited to power institutions like the church and patrons, but composers began creating more complex works.
Baroque & Rococo (1600-1750)
38
Rejection of polyphony in favor of monody; birth of opera (e.g., Jacopo Peri’s Dafne and L'Euridice).
Early Baroque (1580–1630)
38
Development of cantata, oratorio, and opera; shift to simpler melodies and harmonies.
Middle Baroque (1630–1680)
38
Phases Of Baroque Music
➢ Early Baroque (1580–1630):
➢ Middle Baroque (1630–1680):
➢ Late Baroque (1680–1730):
39
Notable Composers Italy:
➢ Antonio Vivaldi
➢ Arcangelo Corelli:
➢ Claudio Monteverdi
39
Continued polyphonic tradition (e.g., Johann Fux); rise of iconic composers like Handel and Bach.
Late Baroque (1680–1730)
40
: Known for The Four Seasons (1723), influential in violin concerto form and Baroque instrumental music.
➢ Antonio Vivaldi
40
Key figure in developing violin style and
chamber music, famous for Concerto Grosso (Christmas Concerto).
Arcangelo Corelli
41
Pioneer of opera, composed Orfeo (1607),
marking the first opera masterpiece.
Claudio Monteverdi
41
Notable Composers in Germany
Johann Sebastian Bach:
George Frideric Handel
42
Famous for Brandenburg Concertos
and Cello Suites, a master of late Baroque instrumental compositions.
Johann Sebastian Bach:
42
Renowned for Messiah (1741) and his
contributions to operas, oratorios, and concertos.
George Frideric Handel:
43
* Transitional style between Baroque and Classical periods (1740s-1770s).
* Lighter, simpler, yet highly ornamented style compared to complex Baroque polyphony.
* Originated in France, spreading rapidly throughout Europe.
* Known as Style Galant in France and Empfindsamer Stil (sensitive style) in Germany.
Rococo Music
43
* A style of baroque architecture and decorative art, from 18th century France, having elaborate ornamentation
* Rococo or late Baroque
* Described as final expression of the baroque movement
* Rococo style developed first in the decorative arts and interior design, and its influence later spread to architecture, sculpture, theater design, painting, and music.
* Rococo style is characterized ornamentation, by elaborate asymmetrical values, pastel color palette, and curved or serpentine
lines.
* Rococo art works often depict themes of love, classical myths, youth, and playfulness.
Art
➢ The Entombment of Christ, Caravaggio (1603 - 1604)
➢ Flickr ca’ rezzonico ceiling
➢ The Swing, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, circa (1767)
➢ The Embarkation for Cythera by Jean-Antoine Watteau (1717)
➢ Luncheon with Ham by Nicolas Lancret (1735)
Architecture
➢ St. Peter’s Baldachin (1623 – 1634, Vatican City)
➢ Church of Saint Ignatius of Loyola, Rome
➢ German Rococo Interior
Rococo Period (1730 – 18th century)
44
➢ Johann Christian Bach and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (sons of Johann Sebastian Bach).
o Led the stylistic shift away from dense Baroque compositions.
❖ Germany
44
* Focused on order and moderation.
* Gave importance to costumes, settings, and details of classical subjects.
Neoclassical Painting
45
➢ Jean Philippe Rameau, Louis-Claude Daquin, François Couperin
o championed Style Galant.
❖ France
45
➢ Giovanni Battista Sammartini
o exemplified Rococo music.
❖ Italy
46
* Derived from the Greek word Neos (new) and Latin Classicus (first class).
* Western movement in decorative arts, visual arts, literature, theater, music, and architecture.
* Inspired by classical art and culture of ancient Greece and Rome.
* Coincided with the Age of Enlightenment (18th century).
* Art portrayed Roman history, focusing on Roman heroes.
* Emerged during the French Revolution (1789) and continued into modern painting exhibitions by 1863.
* Aimed to revive Greek and Roman influences in art and architecture.
Characteristics:
➢ Focused on Roman history.
➢ Formal composition and use of diagonals to show peak emotions.
➢ Emphasis on local color, overall lighting, and classical geometric structure.
➢ Reacted against the extravagance of Baroque and Rococo styles.
Neoclassicism (Late 18th and Early 19th Century)
47
➢ Influential French Neoclassical painter, known for historical subjects.
➢ Famous works: "Death of Marat" and "Napoleon Crossing the Alps."
Jacques Louis David (1748–1825, France)
47
➢ Pupil of Jacques Louis David, influenced by Italian Renaissance painters.
➢ Famous works: "Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne" and "The Apotheosis of Homer."
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780–1867, France)
48
Notable Neoclassical Painters
▪ Jacques Louis David (1748–1825, France)
▪ Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (1780–1867, France)
48
* Defined by symmetry, life-sized to monumental scale, and serious subjects (mythological figures, heroes).
Neoclassical Sculpture
49
Notable Neoclassical Sculptors
▪ Antonio Canova (Italy)
▪ Bertel Thorvaldsen (Denmark)
50
➢ Known for mythological and religious sculptures, such as "Christ" and "Lion of Lucerne."
▪ Bertel Thorvaldsen (Denmark)
50
➢ Known for marble sculptures, such as "Psyche Awakened by Cupid's Kiss" and "Washington."
▪ Antonio Canova (Italy)
51
* Rejected Rococo and Late Baroque styles, drawing from Classical Greece and Rome.
* Inspired by the designs of Andrea Palladio.
Neoclassical Architecture
51
Types of Neoclassical Architecture
Temple Style:
Palladian Style:
Classical Block Style:
51
Based on ancient temple designs (e.g., Pantheon, British Museum).
Temple Style:
52
Based on Palladio's villa construction (e.g., Palladian Bridge, Chiswick House).
Palladian Style
52
* Art movement that built on Neoclassicism themes.
* Highlighted heroic elements and revolutionary movements like the French Revolution.
* Focused on justice, equality, social order, and emotions over rationalism.
* Emphasized patriotism, nationalism, and the goodness of mankind.
* Romantic artists showcased awe of nature and strong human emotions.
Characteristics of Romanticism
➢ Height of action.
➢ Emotional extremes.
➢ Celebrated nature as uncontrollable.
➢ Dramatic compositions.
➢ Focused on life and death moments.
Romanticism (18th and 19th Century)
52
* Focused on conveying intense emotion and passion.
Romanticism Paintings
52
Rectangular plan with classical details (e.g.,
Library of Sainte-Geneviève, Palais Garnier).
Classical Block Style
52
Notable Romantic Artists
➢ Jean Louis Theodore Gericault:
➢ Eugene Delacroix:
➢ Francisco Goya:
52
The Raft of the Medusa, Charging
Chasseur.
➢ Jean Louis Theodore Gericault:
53
Saturn Devouring His Son, The Third of May.
Francisco Goya:
53
Notable Romantic Landscape Painters
➢ Theodore Rousseau:
➢ Antoine Louis Barye:
53
* Depicted the physical world, including mountains, valleys, and bodies of water.
* Sky played an important role in shaping the mood of the artwork.
* Varied from realistic to impressionistic and idealized.
Romantic Landscape Paintings
53
: Liberty Leading the People.
Eugene Delacroix
54
* Focuses on accuracy and detailed depiction of reality.
* Influenced by Hellenistic Greek culture, with an emphasis on the human body.
* Moved away from traditional art forms, revolutionizing themes and techniques.
* Depicted real-life events rather than idealized concepts.
* Merged art with life, using contemporary society as subjects.
* Re-examined belief systems and traditions.
Characteristics of Realism
➢ Accurate, detailed, and unembellished representation of nature and contemporary life.
➢ Rejected imaginative idealization, favoring close observation of outward appearances.
➢ Opposed to Romanticism’s focus on the unusual or dramatic.
➢ Often painted in a realistic, photographic style.
➢ Major trend in French novels and paintings from 1850 to 1880.
Realism
55
* Interpreted real life without subjective bias, idealism, or romanticism.
* Stressed reality over fantasy.
Realism Art Style
56
* Introduced a new style of writing still influential in American and English literature.
Key elements:
➢ Realistic characters and settings
➢ Detailed everyday occurrences
➢ Plausible plots
➢ Authentic dialects
➢ Focus on character development and class depiction
Literary Realism
57
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