10/5 Brachium (Arm) and Cubital Fossa - Carter (Completed)

Question 1

What innervates the skin of the upper shoulder?

Answer 1

Supraclavicular nerves

C3 - C4

Question 2

Overall, for the entire brachium (arm) and cubital fossa what innervates it?

Answer 2

ventral primary rami

C3 - T3

Question 3

What innervation makes up the brachial plexus?

Answer 3

Brachial Plexus

C5 - T1

Question 4

What does the Brachial plexus innervate?

Answer 4

brachium

antebrachium

hand

Question 5

What innervates the skin over the deltoid?

Answer 5

Superior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous nerve

via the Axillary nerve

Question 6

What innervates the skin of the lateral aspect of the lower arm (Brachium) ?

Answer 6

Inferior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous nerve

via the Radial nerve

Question 7

What innervates the skin of the posterior aspect of the lower arm (Brachium)?

Answer 7

Posterior Brachial Cutaneous nerve

via the Radial nerve

Question 8

What innervates the skin of the medial aspect of the upper arm (brachium)?

Answer 8

Medial Brachial Cutaneous nerve

via the medial cord of the brachial plexus

Question 9

What innervates the skin of the:
Anterior aspect of the brachium
Medial aspect of the antebrachium

Answer 9

Medial Antibrachial Cutaneous nerve

via the medial cord of the brachial plexus

Question 10

What innervates the skin of the armpit and medial arm?

Answer 10

Intercostobrachial nerve

T2 - T3

Question 11

What is the significance of the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus?

Answer 11

insertion point for deltoid muscle

Question 12

What is the significance of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 12

origin for most extensor muscles of the forearm

Question 13

What is the significance of the medial epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 13

origin for many flexor muscles of the forearm

Question 14

What is the significance of the Trochlea of the humerus?

Answer 14

articulates with proximal ulna

Question 15

What is the significance of the Capitulum of the humerus?

Answer 15

articulates with the head of the radius

Question 16

What is the significance of the Spiral Groove of the humerus?

Answer 16

Visible on the posterior surface

Location of radial nerve

Location of Profunda brachii artery (posterior surface)

Question 17

What is the significance of the coronoid fossa of the humerus?

Answer 17

Found on the anterior surface proximal to the trochlea

Question 18

What is the significance of the Olecranon fossa of the humerus?

Answer 18

Found on the posterior surface of the brachium proximal to the trochlea

Question 19

What connective tissue surrounds the muscles of the brachium (arm)?

Answer 19

Deep Brachial Fascia

Question 20

what two fascia separates the brachium further?

Answer 20

Humerus to lateral surface –> Lateral Intermuscular Septum

Humerus to medial surface –> Medial Intermuscular Septum

Question 21

What is the deep brachial fascia continuous with?

Answer 21

pectoral fascia above

antebrachial fascia below

Question 22

What are the anterior muscles of the brachium? What is their role?

Answer 22

Flexors

1. ) Coracobrachialis m.
2. ) Biceps brachii m.
3. ) Brachialis m.

Question 23

Where does the Coracobrachialis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 23

O –> coracoid process

I –> Medial side of mid-humeral shaft

N –> musculocutaneous n.

A –> flexes arm | adducts arm

Question 24

Where does the Biceps brachii long head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 24

O –> supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

I –> radial tuberosity

N –> musculocutaneous n.

Action:
flexes elbow joint
supinates radius (forearm)
flexor of the shoulder joint (weak)

Question 25

Where does the Brachialis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 25

O --> anterior humerus (distal 1/2) I --> ulnar tuberosity N --> musculocutaneous n. A --> flexes elbow (stronger than biceps brachii)

Question 26

What spinal nerves innervate the heart?

Answer 26

T1 - T4

Question 27

During an MI where is pain referred?

Answer 27

Medial side of the left arm (brachium) Both the medial left arm and heart utilize T2 and T3 for innervation

Question 28

Where does the Biceps brachii short head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 28

O —> coracoid process Insertion: radial tuberosity Bicipital aponeurosis N —> musculocutaneous n. ``` Action: Flexes elbow joint (most important) Supinate radius (aka forearm) Weak flexor of shoulder joint ```

Question 29

Where does the Triceps brachii long head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 29

O —> infraglenoid tubercle of scapula I —> olecranon process of ulna N —> radial nerve A —> extends elbow (keeps extended)

Question 30

Where does the Triceps brachii lateral head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 30

O —> posterior humerus (proximal to radial groove) I —>olecranon process of ulna N —> radial n. A —> extends elbow (keeps extended)

Question 31

Where does the Triceps brachii medial head m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 31

O —> posterior humerus (distal to radial groove) I —> olecranon process of ulna N —> radial n. A —> extends elbow (keeps elbow extended)

Question 32

What is the brachial artery a continuation of? Where does the brachial a. begin?

Answer 32

Continuation of the axillary a. begins at the lower border of teres major m.

Question 33

Where does the brachial a. travel?

Answer 33

After it begins just inferior of the Teres major m. the brachial a. travels medially and inferiorly until it passes deep below the bicipital aponeurosis. branches into multipe arteries in the arm (brachium) bifurcates 1" from the elbow crease into: Ulnar a. Radial a.

Question 34

Where does the cephalic vein begin and how does it travel out of the brachium? What does the cephalic vein ultimately join?

Answer 34

Travels in the superficial fascia up the forearm and then continues lateral to the biceps brachii m. Leaves the brachium through deltopectoral triangle (between the deltoid and pectoralis major m) Ultimately joins the axillary v.

Question 35

Where does the basilic vein begin and how does it travel out of the brachium? What does the cephalic vein ultimately join?

Answer 35

Travels from forearm through superficial fascia along medial side of front of elbow Vein penetrates the brachial fascia entering the anterior muscular compartment Ultimately joins the axillary vein

Question 36

What will you find traveling along side the brachial artery in the brachium?

Answer 36

The median n.

Question 37

How do we define the upper (superior) boundary of the Cubital fossa?

Answer 37

An imaginary line between the medial and lateral epicondyle

Question 38

What are the boundaries of the Cubital fossa?

Answer 38

Superior —> imaginary line between medial and lateral epicondyles Medial —> pronator teres m. Lateral —> brachioradialis m. Floor —> brachialis and supinator muscles Roof: Brachial/antebrachial fascia Subcutaneous tissue and skin

Question 39

What are the nerves of the Cubital fossa? Where do they lie?

Answer 39

Median n. (Medial to biceps tendon) Radial n. (Deep to brachialis m.) Medial cutaneous n. (Antebrachial n.) Lateral cutaneous n. (Antebrachial n.)

Question 40

What are the arteries of the Cubital fossa?

Answer 40

Brachial artery which branches off into the: Ulnar a. Radial a.

Question 41

Where would you find the brachial artery?

Answer 41

Running between the biceps tendon and the median n.

Question 42

What are the veins of the Cubital fossa? Where do they lie?

Answer 42

Cephalic v. (Runs lateral) Basilic v. (Runs medial) Median Cubital v. (Connects basilic and cephalic to one another) Venae commitantes (small veins)

Question 43

What are all the branches of the brachial a. in the arm (brachium)?

Answer 43

Profunda brachii a. superior ulnar collateral a. inferior ulnar collateral a. nutrient a. of the humerus (supplies the bone) Radial collateral a. anastomoses w/ the radial recurrent a.

Question 44

What is the role of the superior ulnar collateral a. and the inferior ulnar collateral a.?

Answer 44

supplies the elbow joint

Question 45

What's the long pathway of getting from Brachial a. to Ulnar a. and radial a.?

Answer 45

Brachial a --> profunda brachii (posterior brachium) Profunda Brachii splits into: 1. ) radial collateral a. --> radial recurrent --> radial a. 2. ) middle collateral a. --> interosseous recurrent a. --> posterior interosseus a. --> common interosseus a. --> ulnar a.

Question 46

What kind of fracture is a Supracondylar fracture? What structures would be damaged?

Answer 46

falling on outstretched hand and partially flexed elbow median n. brachial a.

Question 47

a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus would lead to damage of what structures?

Answer 47

axillary n. posterior humeral circumflex a.

Question 48

A shoulder dislocation could lead to damage to what vascular or innervative structures?

Answer 48

suprascapular n. suprascapular a.

Question 49

A mastectomy procedure could result in damage of what structures?

Answer 49

long thoracic n. lateral thoracic a.