10/7 Introduction to Upper Extremity and Superficial Back - Brauer | Scapular and Deltoid Region - Carter (Completed)

Question 1

What two bones make up the pectoral girdle? 2

Answer 1

calvicle

scapula

Question 2

What is the only limb joint that attaches the upper limb to the body? 3

Answer 2

the sternoclavicular joint

Question 3

What kind of joint is the sternoclavicular joint? 3

Answer 3

synovial joint w/ two separate synovial cavities

Question 4

What muscles do we describe as hypaxial? 5

Answer 4

ventral

flexors of arm and shoulder

SOME MUSCLES OF EXTENSORS OF LIMBS IN THE BACK

Question 5

What muscles do we describe as Epaxial? 5

Answer 5

dorsal

Question 6

If you had to pick a region, what region of the back would you say was hypaxial?

Answer 6

The superficial back muscles (primarily involved in moving the upper limb)

Question 7

What are the muscles of Layer 1 (Superficial layer)? Where are these muscles derived from? What innervates these muscles? 7

Answer 7

Trapezius (CN 11 Accessory)

Latissimus Dorsi (Thoracodorsal n.)

Both are hypaxial muscles

Question 8

What are the muscles of Layer 2 of the back (Intermediate Layer)? Where are these muscles derived from? What innervates these muscles? 7

Answer 8

Levator Scapulae m. (Dorsal Scapular n.)

Rhomboid Minor m. (Dorsal Scapular n.)

Rhomboid Major m. (Dorsal Scapular n.)

All are Hypaxial muscles

Question 9

Where does the Trapezius m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 8, 9

Answer 9

Superficial muscle

O –> nuchal ligament ( C7 - T12)

Insertion:
clavicle
acromion
scapular spine

N –> Spinal Accessory n. CN 11 (also motor branches of C3 & C4)

Action: PURED
P rotraction
U pward rotation of scapula
R etraction
E levation
D epression of scapula

Question 10

Where does the Latissimus Dorsi m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 10, 11

Answer 10

Superficial muscle

Origin:
thoracolumbar fascia (T7 - T12)
Iliac crest

I –> intertubercular sulcus of humerus

N –> thoracodorsal nerve (C6 - C8)

Action: MAE
M edially rotates humerus
A dducts humerus
E xtends humerus

Question 11

What are the borders of the triangle of Auscultation? 12

Answer 11

Trapezius m. (Spinal accessory CN 11)

Latissimus dorsi m. (thoracodorsal n.)

Medial scapular border

Question 12

Where does the Levator scapulae m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 14, 15

Answer 12

Deep Extrinsic Muscle

O –> post. tubercles of transverse processes (C1 - C4)

I –> medial superior scapula

N –> dorsal scapular n. (C5)

Action:
elevates scapula
Downward rotation scapula

Question 13

Where does the Rhomboid minor m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 14, 15

Answer 13

Deep Extrinsic Muscle

O –> nuchal ligament (C7 - T1)

I –> upper medial border of scapula

N –> dorsal scapular n. (C5)

Action: RED
R etraction
E levation of scapula
D ownward rotation

Question 14

Where does the Rhomboid major m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action? 14, 15

Answer 14

Deep Extrinsic Muscle

O –> spinous processes (T2 - T5)

I –> medial scapular border

N –> dorsal scapular n. (C5)

Action: RED
R etraction
E levation of scapula
D ownward rotation

Question 15

Dorsal Rami innervate deep muscle and what else? 16

Answer 15

Dorsal Rami (epaxial) innervate deep muscles and then penetrate through ventral rami (hypaxial) to innervate cutaneously

Question 16

What muscles make up the rotator cuff muscles? 17, 18

Answer 16

SITS

Supraspinatus m.
Infraspinatus m.
Teres minor m.
Subscapularis

Question 17

What innervates the supraspinatus m. and infraspinatus m.? 18

Answer 17

Supraspinatus n.

Question 18

What innervates Teres minor m.? 18

Answer 18

Axillary n.

Question 19

What innervates the subscapularis m.? 18

Answer 19

subscapular n.

Question 20

What ligament transverses the suprascapular notch?

Answer 20

transverse scapular ligament

Question 21

Within the suprascapular notch where do the artery and nerve transverse? What is the artery? What is the nerve? 19

Answer 21

suprascapular n. goes under transverse scapular ligament

suprascapular a. goes over the transverse scapular ligament

Question 22

What are the branches of the Thyrocervical trunk? 20

Answer 22

1.) Suprascapular a. –> infrascapular a. –> 4.) circumflex scapular a. –> subscapular a. –> axillary a. and 5.) thoracodorsal a.

Transverse cervical a. –> 2.) dorsal scapular a. –> 3.) posterior intercostal arteries

Subclavian a. –> axillary a. (name change happens when subclavian crosses the clavicle)

Question 23

If you ligate the axillary a. what changes would occur? 21

Answer 23

blood flow would reverse in the subscapular a. allowing for the lower extremity to still receive blood

Question 24

What is found within the triangular space? 22

Answer 24

circumflex scapular a.

Question 25

What is found within the Quadrangular space? 22

Answer 25

axillary n. posterior humeral circumflex a.

Question 26

What is found within the Triangular hiatus? 22

Answer 26

Radial n. Deep brachial a.

Question 27

What are the borders of the triangular space? 22

Answer 27

Teres minor - medial side Teres major - base Triceps long head - lateral side

Question 28

What are the borders of the Quadrangular space? 22

Answer 28

lateral border of scapula - superior border Teres major - inferior border Triceps long head - medial side/border surgical neck of humerus - lateral side/border

Question 29

What are the borders of the Triangular Hiatus? 22

Answer 29

Teres major - medial side | Triceps lateral head - lateral side

Question 30

Where does the Serratus anterior m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 30

Deep Extrinsic Muscle O -->lat. surface, ribs 1-9 I --> medial border of scapula N --> long thoracic nerve (C5 - C7) Action: UP Upward rotation of scapula (most important) Protracts scapula

Question 31

Where does the Deltoid m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 31

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle Origin: SAL Spine of scapula Acromion Lateral third of clavicle I --> deltoid tuberosity of humerus N --> axillary nerve (C5-C6) ``` Action: FEMAL Flex arm Extend Arm Medially rotate arm Abduct Arm Lateral rotate arm ```

Question 32

Where does the Supraspinatus m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 32

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle O --> supraspinatus fossa I --> superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus N --> Suprascapular nerve (C5 - C6) A --> arm abduction

Question 33

Where does the Infraspinatus m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 33

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle O --> infraspinatus fossa I --> middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus N --> Suprascapular n. A --> Lateral rotation of arm

Question 34

Where does the Teres minor m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 34

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle O --> lateral border of scapula I --> inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus N --> axillary nerve Actions: Lateral rotation of arm (primary action) Weak adductor of the arm

Question 35

Where does the Teres major m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 35

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle O--> lateral border of scapula. I --> lesser tubercle of the humerus N --> subscapular nerve (C5 - C6) Actions: MAE Medial rotation of arm Adduction of arm Extension of arm

Question 36

Where does the Subscapularis m. originate from and insert into? What innervates it? What is its action?

Answer 36

Intrinsic Shoulder Muscle O --> costal surface of scapula I --> lesser tubercle of humerus N --> Subscapular n. A --> medial rotation of arm

Question 37

What muscles are supplied by the transverse cervical artery?

Answer 37

Levator scapulae m. trapezius m. Rhomboid Major m. Rhomboid Minor m.

Question 38

What muscles are supplied by the suprascapular artery?

Answer 38

supraspinatus m. Infraspinatus m.

Question 39

What muscles are supplied by the thoracodorsal artery?

Answer 39

Subscapularis m. Teres Major m. Latissimus dorsi m. Serratus anterior m.

Question 40

What muscles are supplied by the posterior humeral circumflex artery?

Answer 40

deltoid m.