10/7 Vertebral Column & Spinal Cord - Dennis (Completed)

Question 1

What are the primary curvatures of the spine? 3

Answer 1

Thoracic

Sacral

Question 2

What are the secondary curvatures of the spine? 3

Answer 2

Cervical

Lumbar

Question 3

What are the unique characteristics of the cervical vertebrae? 7

Answer 3

bifid spinous process

wide, but small/thin body

triangle shaped vertebral foramen

transverse foramina

Question 4

What is Thoracic outlet syndrome? 8

Answer 4

presence of cervical ribs causes impingement of neurovasculature

Question 5

What are the unique characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae? 9

Answer 5

articulation for ribs

body - heart shaped

costal facets on transverse processes

limited lateral flexion

Question 6

What are the unique characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae? 10

Answer 6

biggest body

triangular shaped vertebral foramen

allows for flexion and extension of trunk

Question 7

What are the three layers of the thoracolumbar fascia? 12

Answer 7

the anterior, middle, and posterior lamina

Question 8

What type of cartilage make up intervertebral discs? 14

Answer 8

fibrocartilage

Question 9

What are the two components of the intervertebral disc? 14

Answer 9

nucleus pulposus - from notochord

anulus fibrosus

Question 10

What maintains the intervertebral joints? 15

Answer 10

annulus fibrosis

anterior and posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 11

What is the purpose of the anterior ligament? 15

Answer 11

prevents hyperextension

Question 12

What is the purpose of the posterior ligament? 15

Answer 12

limits the amount of flexion

Question 13

What is the role of the supraspinous ligament? 16

Answer 13

connects adjacent spinal processes

Question 14

What is the role of the intertransverse ligament? 16

Answer 14

connects adjacent transverse processes

Question 15

What is a herniated intervertebral disc? 17

Answer 15

portion of the intervertebral disc squeezes out and impinges the spinal cord

due to a small posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 16

What are three types of spinal cord impingement? 18

Answer 16

central stenosis

foraminal stenosis

herniated disk

Question 17

What would cause a thoracic region disc herniation? 19

Answer 17

sudden and forceful twisting of the midback region

Question 18

What is the most common place within the spine to have a disc herniation? 20

Answer 18

lumbar region

Question 19

What supplies the cervical region? 21

Answer 19

vertebral arteries

cervical arteries

Question 20

What supplies the thoracic region? 21

Answer 20

posterior intercostal arteries

Question 21

What supplies the lumbar region? 21

Answer 21

subcostal arteries

lumbar arteries

Question 22

What supplies the sacral region? 21

Answer 22

Iliolumbar arteries

medial sacral arteries

lateral sacral arteries

Question 23

What are the three different spinal meninges? 23

Answer 23

Dura mater - white

Arachnoid mater - spider web, creates space that house the CSF

pia mater - denticulate ligaments connect the spinal cord to the other layers of them eninges

Question 24

where does the spinal cord end? 24

Answer 24

at L1 vertebrae

Question 25

What are the two enlargements of the spinal cord? Why do they enlarge? 24

Answer 25

cervical enlargement lumbar enlargement enlargements are for the upper and lower extremities for innervation

Question 26

What do we call the area in which the spinal cord proper stops?

Answer 26

conus medullaris

Question 27

What is an extension of pia mater that anchors the spinal cord in place? Where does it attach to?

Answer 27

film terminale anchors to the most inferior portion of the vertebral column

Question 28

What do we call the area inferior of the conus medullaris where nerves begin to splay out from one another? 24

Answer 28

cauda equina

Question 29

Where is a lumbar puncture performed? 26

Answer 29

between L3 and L4

Question 30

What is spondylolysis? 27

Answer 30

broken vertebrae leads to spondylolisthesis

Question 31

What is spondylolisthesis? 27

Answer 31

anterior displacement of a vertebrae compared to an adjacent vertabrae

Question 32

What is Pars Interarticularis? 28

Answer 32

a spondylolysis (fracture) between the inferior and superior articular facets the fracture looks like a collar of a scottie dog

Question 33

What is a compression fracture? 29

Answer 33

a collapse of bone of a vertebral body

Question 34

What do we call the process of thinning or decrease in bone mass? 30

Answer 34

osteopenia

Question 35

What do we call the condition of having diminished bone density making bone prone to fracture? 30

Answer 35

osteoporosis

Question 36

What is scoliosis? 31

Answer 36

excessive lateral curvature of the spine

Question 37

What is kyphosis? 31

Answer 37

an excessive thoracic curvature

Question 38

What is lordosis? 31

Answer 38

excessive lumbar curvature