10 - Antioxidants and Immunomodulators Flashcards
(49 cards)
What are reactive oxygen species?
- highly reactive molecules due to the presence of unpaired valence shell electrons
- form as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen
- have important roles in cell signalling
What foods are high in antioxidants?
grapes, oranges, carrots
List 6 antioxidants
- vitamin C
- vitamin E
- B-carotene
- grapeseed
- pychnogenol
- green tea
List the 2 types of Product License Applications of NHPs
1) Compendial
2) Non-compendial
Describe a Compendial License Applications
- must cite a monograph
- can be single or combo product
- help speed up evaluation of safety and efficacy of medicinal ingredients
- serve as reliable sources of product info for consumers
Describe a Non-Compendial License Application
a) Traditional claim:
- products that have been used within a cultural belief system or healing paradigm for at least 50 consecutive years
- the methods of preparation and dosing should be traditional
ex. Echinacea
b) Non-Traditional claim:
- scientific evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of the product
- combination products can submit a NNHPD monograph for each medicinal ingredient
What is ascorbic acid?
vitamin C
Vitamin C:
natural sources ?
fruit and veggies (kiwifruit, broccoli, strawberry, orange, lemon)
Vitamin C:
What does it help in?
A factor in the maintenance of good health
- helps to metabolize fats and proteins
- helps in development of bones, cartilage, teeth and gums
- helps in connective tissue formation
- helps in wound healing
What is Vitamin C effective in?
vitamin C deficiency lmao (scurvy)
What is Vitamin C likely effective in?
common cold prevention
__________ are forms/types of vitamin E
tocopherols
What is vitamin E found in?
vegetable oils, nuts, green leafy vegetables
Drug interactions with vitamin E?
- anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs, warfarin
- chemotherapy
- statins/niacin (blunts rise in HDL)
Are dietary supplements the same as vitamin E supplements ?
No
- It is well–accepted that diets rich in vitamin E reduce the risk of CV disease and cancer
- Benefit does not occur with supplements
Is vitamin E available for sale ?
no, not in Canada
Vitamin E increased risk of ?
congestive heart failure
*also increased the rate of local recurrence of the head or neck tumor
Max dose of vitamin E?
400 IU/day
What is B-carotene found in?
deep orange or yellow fruit/vegetables
What is B-carotene or vitamin A helpful in?
- for maintenance of eyesight, skin, membranes, immune function
- for maintenance and development of night vision
- maintenance and development of bones and teeth
____ are at a higher risk for lung and prostate cancer, intracerebral hemorrhage and CV and total mortality
smokers
B carotene and vitamin A ___________ incidence of lung cancer and mortality
increased
Are there benefits of vitamin C, vitamin E, or beta carotene on CVD events, likelihood of developing diabetes or cancer?
NO
So why is there benefits of a diet high in these substances but the supplements cause adverse effects?
Beneficial effects of a diet high in vegetables and fruits may be due to:
- other substances present in the same foods
- other dietary factors
- other lifestyle choices that coincide with consumption
