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Anatomy - MSK (UL) > 10: Gluteal Region ( Muscles) > Flashcards

10: Gluteal Region ( Muscles) Flashcards

1
Q

Highest point of iliac crest lies at the level of …… vertebrae, so location of …… vertebrae is detected by palpating iliac crest

A

L4 vertebrae

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2
Q

Physically, the gluteal region is a part of the …(a)… and functionally it is a part of the …(b)…

A

a. trunk
b. lower limb

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3
Q

Palpable bony parts at the gluteal region and upper part of the thigh are :

A

the iliac spines, iliac crest, ischial tuberosity, greater trochanter, pubic tubercle, etc

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4
Q

Gluteus maximus:
(origin, insertion, action, innervation)

A
  • origin: ilium, sacrum and coccyx
  • insertion: gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract
  • Innervated by inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1-2)
  • action: Extends thigh, laterally rotates thigh, steady the thigh, assists in rising from sitting position
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5
Q

Gluteus medius (origin, insertion, innervation, action)

A
  • origin: ilium
  • insertion: lateral surface of greater trochanter
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
  • action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh, keeps the pelvis at level while a limb is off the ground
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6
Q

Gluteus minimus (origin, insertion, innervation, action)

A
  • origin: ilium
  • insertion: anterior surface of greater trochanter
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
  • action: like medius ( Abducts and medially rotates thigh, keeps the pelvis at level while a limb is off the ground)
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7
Q

Tensor faciae latae (origin, insertion, innervation, action)

A
  • origin: anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of iliac crest
  • insertion: iliotibial tract
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
  • action: same as medius & minimus (Abducts and medially rotates thigh, keeps the pelvis at level while a limb is off the ground)
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8
Q

Gluteal region has 4 superficial muscles

A
  • gluteal maximus
  • gluteal medius
  • gluteal minimus
  • tensor faciae latae
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9
Q

Gluteal region has 5 deep muscles

A
  • Piriformis
  • obturator internus
  • superior gemellus
  • inferior gemellus
  • quadratus femoris
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10
Q

Piriformis (origin, insertion. Innervation, action)

A
  • origin: sacrum
  • insertion: greater trochanter
  • innervation: anterior rami of S1 & S2
  • action: laterally rotate the extended thigh, abduct the flexed thigh, and steady the femoral head in acetabulum
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11
Q

Obturator internus (origin, insertion, innervation, action)

A
  • origin: pelvis surface of obturator membrane
  • insertion: trochanteric fossa on the femur
  • innervation: nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
  • action: laterally rotate the extended thigh, abduct the flexed thigh, and steady the femoral head in acetabulum
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12
Q

Superior gemellus (origin, insertion, innervation, action)

A
  • Origin: ischial spine
  • Insertion: trochanteric fossa on femur
  • Innervation: nerve to obturator internus
  • Action: laterally rotate the extended thigh, abduct the flexed thigh, and steady the femoral head in acetabulum
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13
Q

Inferior gemellus (origin, insertion, innervation, action)

A
  • origin: ischial tuberosity
  • insertion: trochanteric fossa on femur
  • innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
  • action: laterally rotate the extended thigh, abduct the flexed thigh, and steady the femoral head in acetabulum
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14
Q

Quadratus femoris (origin, insertion, innervation, action)

A
  • origin: lateral aspect of the ischial tuberosity
  • insertion: quadrate tubercle (Insert into the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior aspect of the femur)
  • innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)
  • action: Laterally rotates thigh and steadies femoral head in the acetabulum
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15
Q

nerve to quadratus femoris has same root as …?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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16
Q

Obturator internus same root value as …?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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17
Q

1- Nerve to Obturator internus (L5, S1, S2) supply?

2- Nerve to Quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1) supply?

A

1- Obturator internus & Superior gemellus

2- Inferior gemellus & Quadratus femoris

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18
Q

When you lift one of your legs of the ground and the other is on the ground, because of the gravity the side which is not supported should tilt, but it doesn’t tilt because of what muscles?

A

Gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia lata

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19
Q

What is iliotibial tract?

A

What is modification of fascia lata (on the lateral side of thigh fascia lata becomes thick and forms tract like structure extending from the ilium to the tibia)

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20
Q

What region of the site is used for intramuscular injections?

A

Anterolateral region

21
Q

What prevents further abduction of the hip?

A

Pubofemoral ligament

22
Q

short lateral rotators of hip joint

A

six lateral rotators of thigh- piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris and obturator externus- short lateral rotators

23
Q

from …………. you can see extension of three intermuscular septa:
- Medial
- Lateral
- Posterior

A

Linea aspera

24
Q

What forms compartments of the thigh?

A
25
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are …

A

hamstrings: semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of biceps, and ischial head of adductor Magnus

26
Q

Hamstrings (origin, insertion, innervation, action)

A
  • origin: ischial tuberosity
  • insertion: one of the bones of the leg
  • innervation: tibial nerve
  • action: flexors of the knee and extensors of the hip
27
Q

If these muscles are paralyzed, the patient cannot run or walk normally

A

The hamstrings

28
Q

Semitendinosus (origin, insertion, innervation, tendon)

A
  • origin = ischial tuberosity
  • insertion = upper part of medial surface of tibia (behind sartorius & gracilis)
  • innervation = tibial nerve
  • posteromedial muscle-the tendon lies over the semimembranosus
29
Q

Semimembranosus (origin, insertion, innervation, tendon)

A
  • origin = ischial tuberosity
  • insertion = groove on the posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia
  • innervation = tibial nerve
  • tendon expands to form the oblique popliteal ligament of knee joint & the fascia covering popliteus
30
Q

Biceps femoris (origin, insertion, innervation)

A
  • long head is hamstring
    (It extends from the ischial tuberosity to the head of fibula)
    Tibial nerve

-short head NOT hamstrings
Arises from the lineaaspera and joins the long head, common fibular nerve

31
Q

Adductor magnus (origin, insertion, innervation)

A

Two parts (adductor part, ischial part)

  • ischial part is hamstring (ischial part arises from the ischial tuberosity and inserts to the adductor tubercle on femur & extends as tibial collateral ligament), tibial nerve
  • adductor magnus is in the medial compartment of the thigh
32
Q

Superior gluteal nerve:
1- root value?
2- branch from?
3- lies between?
4- supplied muscles?

A

1- (L4, L5, S1)
2- branch of lumbosacral plexus and arises in the pelvis, passes through the greater sciatic notch above periformis
3- lies between gluteus medius and minimus
4- supplies gluteus medius minimus and tensor fasciae latae

33
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve:
1- root value?
2- branch from?
3- supplied muscles?

A

1- (L5, S1, S2)
2- lumbosacral plexus, Passes through greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis
3- supplies gluteus maximus

34
Q

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh:
1- root value?
2- branch from?
3- relation to sciatic?
4- supplies?

A

1- (S1, S2, S3)
2- branch of the sacral plexus and enters the gluteal region by
passing through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis
3- Lies medial to sciatic nerve
4- gluteal region, thigh and perineum

35
Q

Nerve to the obturator internus:
1- root value
2- branch of?
3- supplies?

A

1- (L5, S1, S2)
2- branch of the lumbosacral plexus and enters the gluteal region by passing through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis (note: it also passes through lesser sciatic fore,en along with pudendal nerve)
3- Supplies obturator internus and superior Gemellus 

36
Q

Sciatic nerve:
1- root value
2- branch of?
3- descends between?

A

1- (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3)
2- thickest nerve in the body, a branch of the lumbosacral plexus. Reaches the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen below periformis
3- Greater trochanter and posterior superior iliac spine

37
Q

Sciatic nerve:
1- where it divides?
2- divides into what?

A

divides at the lower thigh into tibial and common fibular nerves

38
Q

Sciatic nerve can be blocked by injecting the anesthetic (where?)

A

a little below the mid
point of the line connecting the upper border of greater trochanter and posterior superior iliac spine

39
Q

Sciatic nerve can be compressed by hypertrophied (1 what muscle) & (2 common in who)

A

1- piriformis
2- common
in women, and sportspersons pursuing cycling, rock climbing) called piriformis syndrome

40
Q

What area in the thigh is dangerous area bcz sciatic nerve branches its tibial division to the hamstring muscles?

A

Medial side of sciatic nerve

41
Q

Sciatic nerve (slide)

A
42
Q

Blood Vessels of Gluteal Region (slide)

A
43
Q

What arteries form Trochanteric anastomosis?

A

superior and inferior gluteal arteries, medial and lateral circumflex arteries over the greater trochanter

44
Q

What arteries form cruciate anastomoses?

A

Medial and lateral circumflex
arteries, inferior gluteal artery and first perforating artery

45
Q

Paralysis of what muscles cause gluteal gait?

A

paralysis of glutei medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae

46
Q

When the patient stands on the limb in which the glutei medius and minimus are paralyzed, and when he lifts the other normal limb from the ground, the normal limb dips, thus making it too long to clear from the ground- this is called…?

A

Positive Trendelenburg sign (don’t be confused with Trendelenburg test, which is for vein competency of the lower limb)

47
Q

Cutaneous innervation of gluteal region and posterior compartment of thigh (slide)

A
48
Q

This nerve is compressed when the uterus enlarges in pregnant women causing numbness on the posterior side of the thigh

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve if thigh (S1-S3)

49
Q

Add mcqs ‼️‼️

A

Anatomy - MSK (UL) (17 decks)

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