14: Popliteal Fossa Flashcards by Amnah Ahmad

Popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped depression posterior to knee joint. What are the superficial boundaries?

✓ Superolateral = Biceps femoris
✓ Superomedial = semimembranosus, semitendinosus
✓ Inferolateral = Lateral head of gastrocnemius
✓ Inferomedial = Medial head of gastrocnemius
✓ Roof (Posteriorly) = by skin and popliteal fascia
✓ Floor(anterior wall) = Popliteal surface of femur, posterior aspect of joint capsule of knee joint, popliteal fascia covering the popliteus muscle.

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What are the deep boundaries of popliteal fossa?

✓ Superolateral = Lateral supracondylar line.
✓ Superomedial = Medial supracondylar line.
✓ Inferior = Soleal line of tibia.
✓ floor/anterior wall = popliteal surface of femur, posterior aspect of joint capsule of knee joint, popliteal fascia covering the popliteus muscle

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Contents of popliteal fossa?

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Tibial nerve in popliteal fossa: Larger terminal branch of ……. nerve

sciatic

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Tibial nerve gives branches to ..?

Gives branches to soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, & popliteus muscles

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Tibial nerve gives rise to medial sural cutaneous nerve, joined by sural communicating branch from common fibular nerve form ….. and supply ….?

to form sural nerve (Supplies lateral side of leg and ankle)

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…. nerve is the Lateral smaller terminal branch of sciatic nerve

Common fibular nerve

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Common fibular nerve runs along ……. muscle and leaves the fossa by passing superficial to ……..?

Runs along the biceps femoris muscle and leaves the fossa by passing superficial to lateral head of gastronemius muscle & winds around the neck of fibula.

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Popliteal artery is Continuation of femoral artery at ..?

adductor hiatus

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Popliteal artery ends at the inferior border of popliteus by dividing into …?

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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What is the Deepest structure in the popliteal fossa?

Popliteal artery (applied to joint
capsule, runs through intercondylar space of femur)

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Note the following: then answer what do they supply?

Supply ligaments & capsule of the knee joint

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Genicular arteries form anastomoses with …?

descending genicular artery (femoral artery), descending branch of lateral circumflex artery, anterior tibial recurrent artery.

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Popliteal vein is:
1- Continuation of … ?
2- lies where … ?
3- continues as … ?

1- posterior tibial vein
2- superficial to popliteal artery
3- Continues as femoral vein

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In case of Popliteal abscess and tumors, pus tend to spread …? (What direction)?

superiorly and inferiorly

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Popliteal pulse is Difficult to feel, as artery is deep however it is best felt in …? (What part?)

inferior part

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Weakening of popliteal pulse is a sign of …?

femoral artery obstruction

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Causes edema and pain in popliteal fossa, may stretch the nerves or compress its blood supply. What’s the condition?

Popliteal aneurysm and hemorrhages

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Collateral circulation is formed through..?

genicular arteries

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What type of joint is knee joint? What movements happen?

hinge type synovial joint, which mainly allows for flexion and extension combined with gliding and rolling and rotation along vertical axis (medial and lateral rotation).

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Knee joint is formed by articulations between..?

patella, femur and tibia

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Popliteal aneurysm and hemorrhages (slide)

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Articular surfaces: Medial and lateral condyles of the femur (slide)

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Intercondylar eminence is not articular part, however it serves for attachment for what structures?

ACL, PCL, anterior & posterior ends of mensci

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……… are in the capsular layer but outside the synovial membrane

Cruciate ligaments

Capsular ligament is: 1- attached to …. & …. 2- not attached to …..

1- medial collateral ligament & medial meniscus 2- lateral collateral ligament

……… serves for attachment of capsular ligament.

Patella & patellar ligament

Which collateral ligament is more injured?

MCL

Which ligament is extracapsular?

LCL

What separates LCL from lateral meniscus?

Popliteal muscle

Fibrous capsule has an opening for exit of tendon of ….. muscle.

popliteus

Oblique popliteal ligament- reflection from tendon of ……. muscle supports the joint capsule

semimembranosus

……… supports the joint laterally

Ileotibial tract

Fibular/lateral collateral ligament (from what to what?)

From lateral femoral epicondyle to fibular head

Tibial/medial collateral ligament (from to?)

- from femoral medial epicondyle to medial tibial condyle. - Attached to medial meniscus. - Weaker than fibular collateral ligament. More often injured

Posterior cruciate ligament extends …. (Direction?)

Superiorly, anteriorly, medially

Posterior cruciate ligament: 1- from to? (Location) 2- prevents? (Action) 3- limits movement of? (bones)

1- from Posterior Intercondylar area to lateral surface of medial femoral condyle 2- hyperflexion 3- femur moving anteriorly, tibia moving posteriorly

Anterior cruciate ligament: 1- from to? (Location) 2- prevents? (Action) 3- limits movement of? (bones)

1- from Anterior Intercondylar area to medial surface of lateral femoral condyle 2- hyoerextension 3- femur posteriorly, tibia anteriorly

Joins the anterior edges of the menisci

Transverse ligament of knee

Part of capsular ligament between menisci and tibial attachment

Coronary ligament

Function of menisci

✓ To deepen the articular surface of the tibia, thus increasing stability of the joint. ✓ To act as shock absorbers by increasing surface area to further dissipate forces

Nerve supply: 1- Anterior part ? 2- posterior? 3- Lateral part ? 4- medial aspect of knee joint ?

1- Articular branches from femoral nerve (Branches to vasti muscles) 2- Genicular branches from tibial 3- common fibular nerve 4- Saphenous and obturator nerves

Movements at knee joint

- extension - flexion - medial rotation at the end of extension - lateral rotation at the beginning of flexion

What is Locked knee?

When knee is fully extended, with foot on the ground, knee is passively locked by Medial rotation of femoral condyles at the end of extension

What is unlocking knee?

Lateral rotation of femoral condyles by popliteus at the beginning of flexion (Unlocked joint is unstable)

Muscles for knee extension?

Quadriceps femoris (main) Tensor fascia latae (weak)

What muscle responsible for Knee flexion?

Hamstrings + short head of biceps femoris (main)

Medial rotation at knee what muscles?

- Semitendinosus & semimembranosus (when knee is flexed) - popliteus (when knee is extended)

Lateral rotation at knee what muscles?

Biceps femoris when knee is flexed

Bursae around the knee (slide)

Causes & types of knee fracture?

- Causes: 1. Falling directly onto the knee 2. Receiving sharp blow to knee - types: 1- stable 2- displaced (pulled by quadriceps tendon) 3- comminuted (many parts)

Patella dislocation (causes)