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Anatomy - MSK (UL) > 3: Joints of Proximal UL > Flashcards

3: Joints of Proximal UL Flashcards

1
Q

What two joints form the pectoral girdle?

A

Sternoclavicular & acromioclavicular

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2
Q

What type of joint is sternoclavicular?

A

Synovial joint, saddle type but functions as ball & socket.

(Note: A synovial joint, so it is covered by hyaline cartlilage and has a synovial membrane -simply lines the capsule- )

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3
Q

Divides the joint into two compartment and serve as shock absorber

A

Articular disc

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4
Q

Articulation of SC joint (where)

A

In this joint the articular surfaces are between the manubrium, clavicle, and a little bit to the ligament of a facet of the first rib.

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5
Q

A. What are the Ligaments that strength the SC joint?
B. Blood supply
C. Nerve supply

A

A. Anterior & posterior SC ligament and interclavicular ligament
B. Internal thoracic and Suprascapular
C. Supraclavicular N and nerve to subclavius

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6
Q

Movements of clavicle at sternoclavicular joint

A
  • forward & backward at medial compartment
  • elevation & depression at lateral compartment
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7
Q

How would a patient with anterior clavicle dislocation present?

A

Present with a lump

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8
Q

What is more serious anterior/posterior dislocation of clavicle?

A

Posterior

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9
Q

What type of joint is acromioclavicular joint?

A

Plane synovial joint, the articular surface covered with fibrocartilage.

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10
Q

A. What strengthens AC joint?
B. Blood supply?
C. Nerve supply?

A

A. Joint capsule is strengthened by fibers of the trapezius and the superior and inferior acromioclavicular ligament and the
accessory ligament coracoclavicular ligament.
B. Blood supply by the suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries.
C. Nerve supply by lateral pectoral and axillary nerves.

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11
Q

What ligament it just a bridge & has no function on the AC joint?

A

CA ligament (coracoacromial)

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12
Q

This ligament strengthens the AC joint by holding the scapulae to the clavicle. So if this ligament is not there, the weight of the calvicle with the hand will lead the hand down.

A

CC ligament (coracoclavicular)

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13
Q

Which is more common dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint or the sternoclavicular?

A

acromioclavicular

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14
Q

Shoulder dislocation vs separation?

A

Dislocation = tear in AC ligament (CC and trapezius prevent separation)
Separation = tear in both AC and CC ligament

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15
Q

What type of joint is shoulder/ glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
Both articulation surfaces are covered with hyaline cartilage.

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16
Q

What helps accommodate the humeral head in glenoid cavity?

A

Glenoid Labrum

(Note: The glenoid cavity is deepened by the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum and accepts little more than a 1/3 of the humeral head.)

17
Q

What is the importance of bursae?

A

Sipmly they are sacs that produce synovial fluid to prevent friction.

18
Q

Ligaments of glenohumeral joint

A
19
Q

Which ligament prevents superior dislocation of the humerus?

A

Coraco-acromial
Tafreegh: Bcz it is forming a bridge superior to the joint so the function of this ligament is to prevent the superior dislocation of the humerus, so dislocation of the shoulder joint.

  • it’s an mcq: Which ligament prevents superior dislocation of the shoulder?
    a. Coracoacromial ligament
20
Q

What stabilizes the shoulder joint?

A
  • Ligaments (glenohumeral, coracoacromial, coracohumeral)
  • muscles (rotator cuff)
  • Tendons (long head of biceps)
  • Skeletal part formed superiorly the coracoid process and acromion.
21
Q

What part of glenohumeral joint is weakest?

A

Inferior part

(Note: The inferior part of the joint capsule, the only part not reinforced by the rotator cuff muscles, is its weakest area.)

22
Q

What’s the blood & nerve supply to shoulder joint?

A

• The glenohumeral joint is supplied by the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries.
• Nerve supply: suprascapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves.

23
Q

Which is more common superior or inferior dislocation of the shoulder joint?

A

Inferior/anterior dislocation

24
Q

What arteries anastomose around the scapula?

A

1- Suprascaular A. (which is a branch of thyrocervical trunk)
2- circumflex scapular A. (Which is a branch of subscapular)
3- dorsal scapular A. (Which is a branch of cervicodorsal trunk)

25
Q

A. If there is blockage/ ligation at this area can you supply UL?
B. If there is blockage/ ligation at this area can you supply UL?

A

((Go through this slide))
A. Yes
B. No

26
Q

Which ligament prevents anterior dislocation of shoulder?
a. Coracoacromial ligament
b. Acromioclavicular ligament
c. Glenohumeral ligament

A

c. Glenohumeral ligament

  • from the note: glenohumeral ligaments are 3 fibrous bands, that reinforce the anterior part of the joint capsule.
27
Q

What fibrocartilage prone to injury in shoulder dislocation?
a. Intervertebral disc
b. Glenoid labrum

A

b. Glenoid labrum

28
Q

Where does the shoulder mostly dislocate? (2019)
a.anterioinferioly
b. posteriorly

A

a.anterioinferioly
(Bcz not stabilized by rotator cuff at this part)

29
Q

Which muscle supports the sternoclavicular joint? (2019)
a. Subscapularis
b. Subclavius
c. Pectoralis major
d. Pectoralis minor

A

b. Subclavius

30
Q

(Greys Q): A 47-year-old female tennis professional is informed by her physician that she has a rotator cuff injury that will require surgery. Her physician explains that over the years of play, a shoulder ligament has gradually caused severe damage to the underlying muscle.

To which of the following ligaments is the physician most likely reffereing?
A. Acromioclavicular ligament
B. Coracohumeral ligament
C. Transverse scapular ligament
D. Glenohumeral ligament
E. Coracoacromial ligament

A

E. Coracoacromial ligament

31
Q

(Greys Q): A 34-year-old female skier was taken by ambulance to the hospital after she struck a tree on the ski slope. Imaging gives evidence of a shoulder separation.

Which of the following typically occurs in this kind of injury?
A. Displacement of the head of the humerus from the glenoid cavity
B. Partial or complete tearing of the coracoclavicular ligament
C. Partial or complete tearing of the coracoacromial ligament
D. Rupture of the transverse scapular ligament
E. Disruption of the glenoid labrum

A

B. Partial or complete tearing of the coracoclavicular ligament

32
Q

(Greys A): Arthroscopic examination of the shoulder of a 62-year-old woman clearly demonstrated erosion of the tendon within the glenohumeral joint.

What tendon was this?
A. Glenohumeral
B. Long head of triceps brachii
C. Long head of biceps brachii
D. Infraspinatus
E. Coracobrachialis

A

C. Long head of biceps brachii

33
Q

(Greys Q): The right shoulder of a 78-year-old woman had become increasingly painful over the past year. Abduction of the right arm caused her to wince from the discomfort. Palpation of the deltoid muscle by the physician produced exquisite pain. Imaging studies reveal intermuscular inflammation extending over the head of the humerus.

Which structure was inflamed?
A. Subscapular bursa
B. Infraspinatus muscle
C. Glenohumeral joint cavity
D. Subacromial bursa
E. Teres minor muscle

A

D. Subacromial bursa

34
Q

(Greys Q): An 18-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a painful right shoulder after a fall while diving for a soccer ball. A radiograph of the shoulder is shown in Figure 6-12. Examination revealed pain on passive adduction of the right arm across the chest.

Which ligamentous structures must have been
stretched/torn resulting in this injury?
A. Acromioclavicular joint capsule and coracoclavicular ligament
B. Acromioclavicular joint capsule and coracoacromial ligament
C. Sternoclavicular joint capsule and coracoacromial ligament
D. Coracoclavicular ligament and transverse scapular ligament
E. Coracoclavicular ligament and coracoacromial ligament

A

A. Acromioclavicular joint capsule and coracoclavicular ligament

35
Q

Types of acromioclavicular dislocations

A
36
Q

Intrinsic and extrinsic ligaments ? ‼️‼️

A

‼️‼️‼️ ma fhamt

Anatomy - MSK (UL) (17 decks)

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