10. heart failure Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 sympathetic compensation mechanisms?
A
- baroreceptor reflex
- central reflexes and reflexes from heart
- sympathetic NS stimulated and parasympathetic NS inhibited
2
Q
Symptoms of pulmonary oedema
A
bubbling rales
dyspnea
orthopnea
3
Q
Treatment of pulmonary oedema
A
rapidly acting diuretic
Rapidly flowing oxygen
propped up position
extreme : tourniquets or bleed patient
4
Q
Symptoms of chronic heart failure
A
shortness of breath orthopnea mild oedema of ankles swollen jugular vein fatigue swollen abdomen
5
Q
Diagnosis of heart failure
A
third heart sound or loud P2
Heart may be enlarged - x ray
6
Q
What are the first line treatments for HF?
A
ACE inhibitors/AII R antagonists
β-adrenoreceptor blockers
7
Q
What are the second line treatments for HF?
A
aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone) cardiac glycosides (digoxin)
8
Q
Treatments for intractable heart failure
A
transplantation
ventricular assist device
