6. Blood transfusions Flashcards
What are the 6 genotypes for ABO blood type?
AO AA BB BO AB OO
What are the 4 phenotypes for ABO blood types?
A
B
AB
O
What does I(A) encode?
n-acetylgalactosamine transferase
What does I(B) encode?
galactose transferase
what are the two types on glycosphingolipids?
cerebroside
ganglioside
What is the structure of a cerebroside and where are they?
ceramide with single sugar residue
major lipids in ectoplasmic leaflet of myelin
What is the structure of a ganglioside and where are they?
ceramide with a chain of sugar residues
abundant on nerve cells and epithelial cells lining the intestinal tract
When can predicting parentage from blood types be wrong?
If a child has O phenotype and mother had no O, would expect father to have O, however if child is hh they will appear as O but could have AB or AA genotype.
If you are hh recessive your ABO genotype does not matter
What does H encode?
FUT1 transferase
Name 4 things which non secretors have increased risk of?
asthma diabetes alcoholism autoimmune diseases infections - urinary tract
what genes are Rh proteins encoded by? 4
3 genes on chromosome 1 and 1 on chromosome 6
what are two treatments for Rh incompatibility in pregnancy?
- give mother anti-Rh antibody
2. give blood transfusion to child with compatible blood
What kind of storage containers were developed to prevent blood clotting when storing?
citrated glass with heparin
innovations in blood transfusions?
Compatibility testing Anticoagulant solutions Preservative solutions- CPD-A1 – citrate, phosphate, dextrose, adenine Refrigeration Blood Banks Venous access Plastic blood bags Component administration Infectious disease testing - nucleic acid and ELISAs High-risk donor screening
What are at risk of bacterial contamination?
platelets. Keep at 20-24C
