4. blood cells plasma and serum Flashcards
(19 cards)
Reference range for erythrocytes?
4-6 x 10^12 cells/L
Reference range for leukocytes?
4-11 x 10^9 cells/L
Reference range for thrombocytes?
1-4 x 10^11
What does too many erythrocytes cause?
polycythaemia - raised blood viscosity and strain on heart
what is immunoCYTOchemistry?
using antibodies linked to fluorescent chromophores
what is immunoHISTOchemstry?
using antibodies linked to enzymes to convert substrates and produce a coloured product
what is the concentration of albumin in the blood?
35-50 g/L
what is the concentration of alpha globulins in the blood?
5-15 g/L
concentration of beta globulins in the blood
5-12 g/L
gamma globulins (e.g. immunoglobulins) concentration in the blood?
6-17 g/L
what do complement proteins do? 4
opsonisation
chemotaxis (attracting macrophages and neutrophils
lysis
clumping
what does alpha-antitrypsin do?
inhibits trypsin
What does integrin α2β1 bind to in clotting?
collagen
What does integrin α2bβ3 bind to in clotting?
ECM proteins fibronectin and vitronectin
Why is von Willebrand factor important?
binds to collagen and platelets, fixes platelets to the site of endothelial injury
What does thromboxane A2 do?
activates platelets and acts as a vasoconstrictor, reducing blood flow to reduce blood loss
Which pathway is tissue factor/thromboplastin involved in?
extrinsic pathway - requires a factor from outside the circulation
Which 3 mechanisms prevent excessive clotting?
- thrombomodulin- binds thrombin & this complex activates protein C which inactivates factors Va and VIIa
- antithrombin - inactivates thrombin
- protease ADAMTS13 degrades vWF.
Which protease can digest fibrin and what is its inactive precursor?
plasmin, plasminogen
